Engineered B lymphocytes and compositions having micro-RNA and methods for making and using them

ABSTRACT

Provided are engineered B lymphocytes modified to express one or several different types of microRNAs or anti-miRs where in one embodiments the lymphocytes contain multiple copy numbers of nucleic acids encoding the one or several different types of miRs or anti-miRs. Provided are compositions and methods for treating, ameliorating, or preventing a cancer cell, a breast cancer cell or a triple negative breast cancer, or a breast cancer cell that tests negative for estrogen receptors, progesterone receptors, or HER2, comprising or by administering a composition, formulation or pharmaceutical composition comprising a microRNA or anti-miR. Provided are methods for treating an inflammation, a disease, a condition, infection or cancer capable of being treated by modulation or inhibition or expression of an miRNA or anti-miRs by administering to an individual in need thereof a B lymphocyte that secretes a microRNA or anti-miR, or a B lymphocyte supernatant, extracellular vesicle or exosome having a microRNA or anti-miR.

RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application claims the benefit of priority to U.S. ProvisionalPatent Application Ser. No. 62/434,347, filed Dec. 14, 2016. Theaforementioned application is expressly incorporated herein by referencein its entirety and for all purposes.

STATEMENT AS TO FEDERALLY SPONSORED RESEARCH

This invention was made with government support under grant nos.R21CA178674 and 2R56AI062894-04A1, awarded by the National Institutes ofHealth (NIH), DHHS. The government has certain rights in the invention.

TECHNICAL FIELD

This invention generally relates to genetic therapy and molecular andcellular biology. In alternative embodiments, provided are engineered Blymphocytes modified to express one or several different types ofmicroRNAs (miRs), where in alternative embodiments the lymphocytescontain multiple copy numbers of nucleic acids encoding the one orseveral different types of miRs. In alternative embodiments, providedare compositions and methods for treating, ameliorating, or preventing acancer cell, a breast cancer cell or a triple negative breast cancer, ora breast cancer cell that tests negative for estrogen receptors (ER−),progesterone receptors (PR−), and/or HER2 (HER2−), comprising or byadministering a composition, formulation or pharmaceutical compositioncomprising a microRNA-335 (miR-335), miR-138 or miR-449.

BACKGROUND

Short noncoding RNAs, evolutionarily conserved 20 to 30 nucleotide long(miRNAs, or miRs), represent a large family of gene expressionregulators through their ability to prevent translation of specific mRNAinto protein (Bartel, 2004; Thomas et al., 2010). Individual miRNAs mayrepress up to hundreds of transcripts (Friedman et al., 2009) and canregulate diverse processes including cell growth, metabolism, immunity,inflammation and cancer (Ambros, 2004; O'Connell et al.; Pedersen andDavid, 2008; Volinia et al., 2006), miRNA mutations or mis-expressionexist in human cancers suggesting that miRNAs can function as tumorsuppressors or oncogenes (oncomirs) (Esquela-Kerscher and Slack, 2006;Garzon et al., 2009). Thus, suppression of oncomirs or selective miRNArestoration in cancer cells has therapeutic relevance.

miR-335 was identified as being implicated in the growth and metastasisof the triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell line MDA-MB-231derivative 4175 (LM2) (Tavazoie et al., 2008). Clinically, TNBC patientswhose primary tumors have low miR-335 expression have a shorter mediantime to metastatic relapse (Tavazoie et al., 2008). Reportedly, miR-335inhibits tumor re-initiation and is silenced through genetic andepigenetic mechanisms (Png et al., 2011). One of the targets of miR-335,miR-129, miR-129-2 and miR-93, is SOX4 a transcription factor involvedin embryonic development and cell fate determination (Busslinger, 2004;Hong and Saint-Jeannet, 2005; Restivo et al., 2006), and in epithelialto mesenschymal transition (EMT) (Tiwari et al., 2013). SOX4 expressionis elevated in various tumors, including lymphoma, colorectal cancer,cervical cancer, lung cancer, pancreatic cancer, and breast cancer. Inmany cancers, deregulated expression of this developmental factor hasbeen correlated with increased cancer cell proliferation, cell survival,inhibition of apoptosis and the induction of EMT (Vervoort et al.,2013). Experiments in mice with conditional deletion of Sox4 instratified epithelia showed resistance to chemical carcinogenesisleading to onset delay and tumor size reduction (Foronda et al., 2014).

B cells have been programmed for the enforced biogenesis and synchronousrelease of sncRNAs (Almanza et al., 2013). sncRNAs have been packaged asa cargo in extracellular vesicles (EVs) produced and released by theprogrammed B cells, and that thus induced EVs (iEVs) are enriched inpredetermined sncRNAs, with an estimate of 3.6 copy number/EV (Almanzaand Zanetti, 2015).

SUMMARY

In alternative embodiments, provided are compositions, formulations orpharmaceutical compositions, comprising:

(1) a transfected or transduced B lymphocyte comprising or havingcontained therein a heterologous micro-RNA (miRNA, or miR), or aheterologous anti-miRNA (antagomir or blockmir),

wherein optionally the heterologous micro-RNA or anti-miRNA is asynthetic RNA,

or an expression system (optionally a plasmid or a vector) capable ofexpressing the heterologous miRNA or anti-miRNA (or an expression systemcomprising nucleic acids capable of expressing the miRNA or anti-miRNA);or

(2)

(a) a B lymphocyte supernatant or equivalent thereof,

(b) a B lymphocyte extracellular vesicle (EV) or equivalent thereof,

(c) a B lymphocyte exosome or equivalent thereof,

(d) a B lymphocyte micro-vesicle or equivalent thereof, or

(e) any combination of (a) to (d),

wherein the B lymphocyte supernatant or equivalent thereof, B lymphocyteextracellular vesicle (EV) or equivalent thereof, B lymphocyte exosomeor equivalent thereof, or B lymphocyte micro-vesicle or equivalentthereof, comprises or has contained therein: a plurality of the same ordifferent micro-RNA (miRNA, or miR) or anti-miRNA molecules, andoptionally the same or different micro-RNA or anti-miRNA molecules areheterologous to the B cells from which they are derived.

wherein optionally the same or different micro-RNA or anti-miRNA is asynthetic RNA,

wherein optionally the B lymphocyte comprises or has contained therein:a plurality of the same or different micro-RNA (miRNA, or miR) oranti-miRNA molecules,

wherein optionally the miRNA or anti-miRNA comprises: miR-335, miR-138,miR-449, miR-129, miR-129-2, miR-93, an miR-141, an miR-150, an miR-155,an miR-15a, an miR-16, an mi-R-21, or an miRNA selected from Table 2, oran miRNA that down-regulates or decreases the activity of SOX4 mRNA, anda combination thereof, wherein the anti-miRNA comprises a sequencecomplementary to the miRNA, or any combination thereof,

and optionally the miR or anti-miRNA can prevent or slow cancer cellproliferation, local and distal metastasis, epithelial to mesenschymaltransition (EMT) or the differentiation of cancer initiating/cancer stemcells into more differentiated cancer cells:

wherein one, two, three or more types of miR are contained and expressedin the B lymphocyte, the B lymphocyte supernatant or equivalent thereof,the B lymphocyte extracellular vesicle (EV) or equivalent thereof, the Blymphocyte exosome or equivalent thereof, the B lymphocyte micro-vesicleor equivalent thereof, or any combination thereof.

and optionally the miR or anti-miRNA can prevent or slow cancer cellproliferation, local and distal metastasis, epithelial to mesenschymaltransition (EMT) or the differentiation of cancer initiating/cancer stemcells into more differentiated cancer cells,

and optionally coding sequence for the heterologous miR or anti-miRNA iscontained in an expression system, optionally a plasmid or a vector,that expresses the heterologous miR or anti-miRNA in the B lymphocyte.

In alternative embodiments, provided are compositions, formulations orpharmaceutical compositions, made by a method comprising:

-   -   (a) providing a B lymphocyte; and providing:        -   (i) an expression system capable of expressing a nucleic            acid contained therein in the B lymphocyte, and the            expression system comprises or has contained therein coding            sequence for:        -   one or a plurality of the same or different micro-RNA            (miRNA) or anti-miRNA molecules, wherein optionally the            miRNA or anti-miRNA is heterologous to the B lymphocytes,        -   wherein optionally the miRNA or anti-miRNA comprises:            miR-335, miR-138, miR-449, miR-129, miR-129-2, miR-93, an            miR-141, an miR-150, an miR-155, an miR-15a, an miR-16, an            mi-R-21, or an miRNA selected from Table 2, or an miRNA that            down-regulates or decreases the activity of SOX4 mRNA, and a            combination thereof, wherein the anti-miRNA comprises a            sequence complementary to the miRNA, or any combination            thereof.        -   (ii) a plurality of synthetic micro-RNA or anti-miRNA,            -   and optionally the miR or anti-miRNA can prevent or slow                cancer cell proliferation, local and distal metastasis,                epithelial to mesenschymal transition (EMT) or the                differentiation of cancer initiating/cancer stem cells                into more differentiated cancer cells, or treating,                ameliorating, or preventing, or the miR or anti-miRNA                can control the tumorigenicity of: a cancer, a                glioblastoma, a breast cancer or a triple negative                breast cancer, or a breast cancer that tests negative                for estrogen receptors (ER−), progesterone receptors                (PR−), and/or HER2 (HER2−), or            -   optionally the miRNA or anti-miRNA has an effect on the                cell comprising treating, ameliorating or preventing an                infection, a viral or bacterial infection, a condition                or a disease, a metabolic disorder (optionally obesity                or type 2 diabetes), an immune disorder or autoimmune                disease, a cancer, a disease or condition caused by a                cell dysplasia, a hypertrophy, a cardiac hypertrophy or                a fibrosis;    -   (b) inserting, placing into or transducing into the B        lymphocyte: the miRNA or anti-miRNA; the expression system; or        the synthetic miRNA or anti-miRNA:    -   (c) culturing or manipulating the B lymphocyte such that: the B        lymphocyte expresses the one or the plurality of the same or        different of the micro-RNA or anti-miRNA molecules,    -   and optionally further comprising culturing or manipulating the        B lymphocyte such that:        -   a micro-RNA- or anti-miRNA-comprising B lymphocyte            supernatant is generated,        -   a micro-RNA- or anti-miRNA-comprising B lymphocyte            extracellular vesicle (EV) is generated,        -   a micro-RNA- or anti-miRNA-comprising B lymphocyte exosome            is generated, and/or        -   a micro-RNA- or anti-miRNA-comprising B lymphocyte            micro-vesicle is generated; and    -   optionally, a step (d), comprising harvesting or isolating the B        lymphocyte, the B lymphocyte supernatant, B lymphocyte        extracellular vesicle (EV), B lymphocyte exosome or B lymphocyte        micro-vesicle,    -   wherein the B lymphocyte, the B lymphocyte supernatant, B        lymphocyte extracellular vesicle (EV). B lymphocyte exosome or B        lymphocyte micro-vesicle comprises or has contained therein a        plurality of the micro-RNA or anti-miRNA molecules.

In alternative embodiments of compositions, formulations orpharmaceutical compositions as provided herein, the B lymphocyte is amammalian B lymphocyte, or a human B lymphocyte; or the B lymphocyte isa primary lymphocyte or an autologous B lymphocyte.

In alternative embodiments of compositions, formulations orpharmaceutical compositions as provided herein, the expression systemfor expressing the miR or anti-miRNA or a plurality of different miRs oranti-miRNAs comprises a plasmid or an expression vector; a viral or anon-viral plasmid or expression vector; a DNA plasmid or expressionvector; a DNA expression vector; or an integrating, episomal ornon-integrating plasmid or expression vector; or the expression systemis a genome integrating or genome non-integrating or episomal expressionsystem,

-   -   wherein optionally the expression system comprises, or has        contained therein, two, three, four or five or more copies of        the microRNA or anti-miRNA coding sequence, wherein optionally        the microRNA or anti-miRNA coding sequences are the same or        different, and optionally each microRNA or anti-miRNA coding        sequences is operatively linked to a different transcriptional        regulator, or promoter.    -   and optionally expression system, optionally a plasmid, is        engineered to comprise two (a doublet of) miRs or anti-miRNA,        optionally miR-335, miR-138, miR-449, miR-129, miR-129-2,        miR-93, an miR-141, an miR-150, an miR-155, an miR-15a, an        miR-16, an mi-R-21, precursor stem loops, two pre-miR stem loops        in tandem with a nucleotide linker, or two miRs, optionally        pre-miR-335, miR-138, miR-449, miR-129, miR-129-2, miR-93, an        miR-141, an miR-150, an miR-155, an miR-15a, an miR-16, an        mi-R-21, or miR-449, stem loops in tandem with a nucleotide        linker,    -   and optionally the expression system, optionally a plasmid, is        engineered to comprise multiple copies of miRs, optionally        miR-335, miR-138, miR-449, miR-129, miR-129-2, miR-93, an        miR-141, an miR-150, an miR-155, an miR-15a, an miR-16, an        mi-R-21, as precursor stem loops, or two or more pre-miR stem        loops in tandem with a nucleotide linker, or two or more pre-miR        stem loops in tandem with a nucleotide linker.

In alternative embodiments of compositions, formulations orpharmaceutical compositions as provided herein, the plurality ofmicroRNA or anti-miRNA coding sequences are designed to or are capableof modulating an RNA or DNA that controls or modulates cell growth, cellmaturation or differentiation, cell death, apoptosis, cell metabolism,immunity or inflammation, or

that modulation of the RNA or DNA by exposure to or contact with themiRNA therapeutically treats, ameliorates or prevents an infection, aviral or a bacterial infection, a condition or a disease, an immunedisorder or autoimmune disease, a cancer, a disease or condition,optionally caused by a cell dysplasia, a hypertrophy, a cardiachypertrophy or a fibrosis.

In alternative embodiments of compositions, formulations orpharmaceutical compositions as provided herein, the B lymphocyteextracellular vesicle (EV), B lymphocyte exosome or B lymphocytemicro-vesicle comprises or has contained within between about 1 to 10,or 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 or more copies of the same ordifferent microRNA or anti-miRNA per B lymphocyte extracellular vesicle(EV), B lymphocyte exosome or B lymphocyte micro-vesicle.

In alternative embodiments of compositions, formulations orpharmaceutical compositions as provided herein, the microRNA oranti-miRNA is or comprises an miR-335, an miR-141, an miR-150, anmiR-155, an miR-335, an miR-138, an miR-449, an miR-15a, an miR-16, anmi-R-21, or the microRNA (miR) coding sequence has a sequencecomplementary to an miR-335, an miR-141, an miR-150, an miR-155, anmiR-335, an miR-138, an miR-449, an miR-15a, an miR-16, an mi-R-21, oran miR as set forth in Table 2, or an miRNA that down-regulates ordecreases the activity of SOX4 mRNA:

-   -   and optionally the miR-335, miR-138, miR-449, miR-129, miR-129-2        and/or miR-93, target SOX4 mRNA, and optionally down-regulates        or decreases the activity of SOX4 mRNA.

In alternative embodiments, provided are methods for making acomposition, formulation or pharmaceutical composition comprising atleast one microRNA (miR) or anti-miRNA, wherein optionally the pluralityof miRNA or anti-miRNA are synthetic, wherein the method comprises:

-   -   (a) providing a B lymphocyte; and providing:        -   (i) an expression system capable of expressing a nucleic            acid contained therein in the B lymphocyte, and the            expression system comprises or has contained therein coding            sequence for:        -   one or a plurality of the same or different micro-RNA            (miRNA) or anti-miRNA molecules, wherein optionally the            miRNA or anti-miRNA is heterologous to the B lymphocytes,        -   wherein optionally the miRNA or anti-miRNA comprises: an            miR-335, an miR-141, an miR-150, an miR-155, an miR-335, an            miR-138, an miR-449, an miR-15a, an miR-16, an mi-R-21, or            an miRNA selected from Table 2, and a combination thereof,            or an miRNA that down-regulates or decreases the activity of            SOX4 mRNA, wherein the anti-miRNA comprises a sequence            complementary to the miRNA, or any combination thereof,        -   (ii) a plurality of synthetic micro-RNA or anti-miRNA,            -   and optionally the miR or anti-miRNA can prevent or slow                cancer cell proliferation, local and distal metastasis,                epithelial to mesenschymal transition (EMT) or the                differentiation of cancer initiating/cancer stem cells                into more differentiated cancer cells, or treating,                ameliorating, or preventing, or the miR or anti-miRNA                can control the tumorigenicity of: a cancer, a                glioblastoma, a breast cancer or a triple negative                breast cancer, or a breast cancer that tests negative                for estrogen receptors (ER−), progesterone receptors                (PR−), and/or HER2 (HER2−), or            -   optionally the miRNA or anti-miRNA has an effect on the                cell comprising treating, ameliorating or preventing an                infection, a viral or bacterial infection, a condition                or a disease, a metabolic disorder (optionally obesity                or type 2 diabetes), an immune disorder or autoimmune                disease, a cancer, a disease or condition caused by a                cell dysplasia, a hypertrophy, a cardiac hypertrophy or                a fibrosis;    -   (b) inserting, placing into, transfecting or transducing into        the B lymphocyte: the miRNA or anti-miRNA; the expression        system; or the synthetic miRNA or anti-miRNA;    -   (c) culturing or manipulating the B lymphocyte such that: the B        lymphocyte expresses the one or the plurality of the same or        different of the micro-RNA or anti-miRNA molecules,    -   and optionally further comprising culturing or manipulating the        B lymphocyte such that:        -   a micro-RNA- or anti-miRNA-comprising B lymphocyte            supernatant is generated,        -   a micro-RNA- or anti-miRNA-comprising B lymphocyte            extracellular vesicle (EV) is generated,        -   a micro-RNA- or anti-miRNA-comprising B lymphocyte exosome            is generated, and/or        -   a micro-RNA- or anti-miRNA-comprising B lymphocyte            micro-vesicle is generated; and    -   optionally, a step (d), comprising harvesting or isolating the B        lymphocyte, the B lymphocyte supernatant, B lymphocyte        extracellular vesicle (EV), B lymphocyte exosome or B lymphocyte        micro-vesicle,        -   wherein the B lymphocyte, the B lymphocyte supernatant, B            lymphocyte extracellular vesicle (EV), B lymphocyte exosome            or B lymphocyte micro-vesicle comprises or has contained            therein a plurality of the micro-RNA or anti-miRNA            molecules.

In alternative embodiments, provided are methods for manipulating a cellphysiology, a cell function, a cellular genome in a cell, a cellulartranscriptome in a cell, or a cellular proteome in a cell, whereinoptionally the manipulating is in vitro, ex vivo, or in vivo,comprising:

-   -   contacting the cell with, or contacting the cell by        administering to an individual in need thereof;    -   (a) a composition, formulation or pharmaceutical composition or        a B lymphocyte as provided herein, or a composition made by the        method as provided herein; or,    -   (b) a B lymphocyte, or a primary B lymphocyte, optionally a B        lymphocyte autologous to the individual in need thereof, that:        -   secretes at least one microRNA (miR) or anti-miRNA; or,        -   secretes a B lymphocyte extracellular vesicle (EV), a B            lymphocyte exosome or a B lymphocyte micro-vesicle,            comprising: a plurality of miRNA or anti-miRNA, wherein            optionally the plurality of miRNA or anti-miRNA are            synthetic,    -   and the contacting is for a sufficient period of time and under        sufficient conditions such that the plurality of miRNA, or, a B        lymphocyte extracellular vesicle (EV), B lymphocyte exosome or B        lymphocyte micro-vesicle, is transferred to or taken up into the        cell,    -   wherein optionally the cell is contacted in vitro, ex vivo, or        in vivo:    -   and optionally the cell is a T cell, or an activated T cell, or        a T cell activated via its antigen receptor, or a CD8 T cell or        a CD4 T cell,    -   and optionally the cell is a cancer cell, a cancer stem cell or        a dysplastic cell, and optionally the cancer cell is a breast        cancer cell or a triple negative breast cancer, or a breast        cancer cell that tests negative for estrogen receptors (ER−),        progesterone receptors (PR−), and/or HER2 (HER2−), a prostate        cancer cell, a breast cancer cell, a lymphoma cell, a        glioblastoma cell, lung cancer cell, a pancreatic cancer cell,        an ovarian cancer cell, a liver cancer cell, a colon cancer        cell, a medulloblastoma cell, or a salivary gland cancer cell,    -   and optionally the cell or T cell is a mammalian or a human        cell,    -   and optionally the miRNA or anti-miRNA has an effect on the cell        comprising controlling or modulating cell growth, cell        maturation or differentiation, cell death, apoptosis, cell        metabolism, immunity or inflammation, tumorigenicity or tumor        cell size or viability, or    -   and optionally the miRNA or anti-miRNA has an effect on the cell        comprising treating, ameliorating or preventing an infection, a        viral or bacterial infection, a condition or a disease, a        metabolic disorder (optionally obesity or type 2 diabetes), an        immune disorder or autoimmune disease, a cancer, a disease or        condition caused by a cell dysplasia, a hypertrophy, a cardiac        hypertrophy or a fibrosis.

In alternative embodiments, provided are methods for treating,ameliorating, or preventing, or controlling the tumorigenicity of: acancer, a glioblastoma, a breast cancer or a triple negative breastcancer, or a breast cancer that tests negative for estrogen receptors(ER−), progesterone receptors (PR−), and/or HER2 (HER2−), comprising orby administering to an individual in need thereof:

-   -   (a) a composition, formulation or pharmaceutical composition as        provided herein,    -   (b) a composition made by the method as provided herein; or.    -   (c) a composition, formulation or pharmaceutical composition        comprising: an miR-335, an miR-141, an miR-150, an miR-155, an        miR-15a, an miR-16, an miRNA selected from Table 2, or an miRNA        that down-regulates or decreases the activity of SOX4 mRNA, and        a combination thereof, or an anti-miRNA having a sequence        complementary to the miRNA, or any combination thereof.

In alternative embodiments, provided compositions, formulations orpharmaceutical compositions, comprising:

-   -   a B lymphocyte supernatant, a B lymphocyte extracellular vesicle        (EV), a B lymphocyte exosome or a B lymphocyte micro-vesicle,        comprising:    -   (a) a plurality of anti-sense sequences specifically targeted        against at least one microRNA (miR), or an anti-miR (an        antagomir or blockmir),    -   wherein optionally the anti-miR is an anti-miR-150; and/or    -   (b) a plurality of micro-RNA (miRNA) molecules,    -   wherein optionally the miRNA comprises an miR-141, an miR-150,        an miR-155, an miR-335, an miR-138, an miR-449, an miR-15a or an        miR-16, or.    -   and optionally the B lymphocyte supernatant, B lymphocyte        extracellular vesicle (EV), B lymphocyte exosome or B lymphocyte        micro-vesicle is made by a method comprising:    -   (a) providing a B lymphocyte; and providing an expression system        capable of expressing a nucleic acid contained therein in a B        lymphocyte, and the expression system comprises or has contained        therein coding sequence for:        -   i) a plurality of anti-sense sequences specifically targeted            against at least one microRNA (miR), or an anti-miR; or, a            plurality of antagomirs or blockmirs,        -   wherein optionally the anti-miR is an anti-miR-150; and/or        -   (ii) a plurality of micro-RNA (miRNA) molecules,        -   wherein optionally the miRNA comprises miR-141, an miR-150,            an miR-155, an miR-335, an miR-138, an miR-449, an miR-15a            or an miR-16;    -   (b) inserting, placing into or transducing into the B lymphocyte        the expression system, and culturing or manipulating the B        lymphocyte such that it expresses the plurality of anti-microRNA        (miR), or anti-miR, or antagomir or blockmir nucleic acid or        sequence, and/or the plurality of micro-RNA (miRNA) molecules;        and    -   (c) harvesting or isolating the B lymphocyte supernatant, B        lymphocyte extracellular vesicle (EV), B lymphocyte exosome or B        lymphocyte micro-vesicle, wherein the B lymphocyte supernatant,        B lymphocyte extracellular vesicle (EV), B lymphocyte exosome or        B lymphocyte micro-vesicle comprises or has contained therein        the plurality of anti-microRNA (miR), or anti-miR, or antagomir        or blockmir nucleic acid or sequence, and/or the plurality of        micro-RNA (miRNA) molecules.    -   and optionally the B lymphocyte is a mammalian B lymphocyte, or        a human B lymphocyte; or the B lymphocyte is a primary        lymphocyte or an autologous B lymphocyte.    -   and optionally the expression system for expressing the miR or a        plurality of different miRs comprises a plasmid or an expression        vector; a viral or a non-viral plasmid or expression vector; a        DNA plasmid or expression vector; a DNA expression vector; or an        integrating, episomal or non-integrating plasmid or expression        vector; or the expression system is a genome integrating or        genome non-integrating or episomal expression system,    -   wherein optionally the expression system comprises, or has        contained therein, two, three, four or five or more copies of        the microRNA (miR) coding sequence, wherein optionally the        microRNA (miR) coding sequences are the same or different, and        optionally each microRNA (miR) coding sequences is operatively        linked to a different transcriptional regulator, or promoter,    -   and optionally expression system, optionally a plasmid, is        engineered to comprise two (a doublet of) miRs, optionally        miR-335, miR-138 or miR-449, precursor stem loops, two pre-miR        stem loops in tandem with a nucleotide linker, or two miRs,        optionally pre-miR-335, miR-138 or miR-449, stem loops in tandem        with a nucleotide linker,    -   and optionally the expression system, optionally a plasmid, is        engineered to comprise multiple copies of miRs, optionally        miR-335, miR-138 or miR-449, as precursor stem loops, or two or        more pre-miR stem loops in tandem with a nucleotide linker, or        two or more pre-miR stem loops in tandem with a nucleotide        linker.

In alternative embodiments of compositions, formulations orpharmaceutical compositions, as provided herein:

-   -   (i) the plurality of anti-sense sequences specifically targeted        against at least one anti-microRNA (miR) or anti-miR; or, the        plurality of antagomirs or blockmirs, or    -   (ii) the plurality of microRNA (miR) coding sequences,    -   are designed to or are capable of modulating an miRNA or        anti-miR, or a function of an miRNA or anti-miR, that controls        or modulates cell growth, cell maturation or differentiation,        cell death, apoptosis, cell metabolism, immunity or        inflammation, or    -   that by modulation of the miRNA or anti-miR, or the miRNA or        anti-miR function, can therapeutically treat, ameliorate or        prevent an infection, a viral or bacterial infection, a        condition or a disease, a metabolic disorder (optionally obesity        or type 2 diabetes), an immune disorder or autoimmune disease, a        cancer, a disease or condition, optionally caused by a cell        dysplasia, a hypertrophy, a cardiac hypertrophy or a fibrosis.

In alternative embodiments, provided methods for manipulating a cellphysiology, a cell function, a cellular genome in a cell, a cellulartranscriptome in a cell, or a cellular proteome in a cell, comprising:

-   -   contacting the cell with, or administering to an individual in        need thereof:        -   (i) a composition, formulation or pharmaceutical composition            as provided herein, or a composition, formulation or            pharmaceutical composition made by the method as provided            herein; or,        -   (ii) a B lymphocyte, or a primary B lymphocyte, that:            -   secretes at least one microRNA or anti-miR, or,                antagomir or blockmir, and/or secretes an miRNA; or,            -   secretes a B lymphocyte extracellular vesicle (EV), a B                lymphocyte exosome or a B lymphocyte micro-vesicle,                comprising: a plurality of anti-sense sequences                specifically targeted against at least one microRNA                (miR), or anti-miR; or, a plurality of antagomirs or                blockmirs, and/or a plurality of miRNA.            -   and the contacting is for a sufficient period of time                and under sufficient conditions such that the at least                one microRNA (miR), or anti-miR, or, antagomir or                blockmir, or at least one miRNA, or, a B lymphocyte                extracellular vesicle (EV), B lymphocyte exosome or B                lymphocyte micro-vesicle, is transferred to or taken up                into the cell,            -   wherein optionally the cell is contacted in vitro, ex                vivo, or in vivo; and optionally the cell is a T cell,                or an activated T cell, or a T cell activated via its                antigen receptor, or a CD8 T cell or a CD4 T cell,            -   and optionally the cell is a cancer cell, a cancer stem                cell or a dysplastic cell, and optionally the cancer                cell is a prostate cancer cell, a breast cancer cell, a                lymphoma cell, a glioblastoma cell, lung cancer cell, a                pancreatic cancer cell, an ovarian cancer cell, a liver                cancer cell, a colon cancer cell, a medulloblastoma                cell, or a salivary gland cancer cell,            -   and optionally the cell or T cell is a mammalian or a                human cell,            -   and optionally the plurality of anti-sense sequences                specifically targeted against at least one microRNA                (miR), or anti-miR; or, the plurality of antagomirs or                blockmirs, and/or miRNA, are designed to or are capable                of modulating an miRNA or an miRNA function:                -   that controls or modulates cell growth, cell                    maturation or differentiation, cell death,                    apoptosis, cell metabolism, immunity or                    inflammation, or                -   that by its modulation can therapeutically treat,                    ameliorate or prevent an infection, a viral or                    bacterial infection, a condition or a disease, a                    metabolic disorder (optionally obesity or type 2                    diabetes), an immune disorder or autoimmune disease,                    a cancer, a disease or condition caused by a cell                    dysplasia, a hypertrophy, a cardiac hypertrophy or a                    fibrosis.

In alternative embodiments, provided are methods for:

-   -   treating, ameliorating, or preventing an inflammation, a        disease, a condition, an infection, a cancer, or as an adjuvant        strategy to determine the fate of T cells during an immune        reaction or a vaccination, or to restrict the development of        FoxP3⁺ T cells,    -   for treating, ameliorating, preventing, regulating or modulating        any inflammation, disease, condition, infection or cancer        capable of being regulated, treated, ameliorated or prevented by        modulation or inhibition or expression of an miRNA, or    -   suppressing an oncomir or restoring an miRNA that suppresses an        oncogene or a metastasis,    -   the method comprising administering to an individual in need        thereof:        -   (i) a composition, formulation or pharmaceutical composition            as provided herein; or.        -   (ii) a B lymphocyte, or a primary B lymphocyte, that:            -   secretes at least one microRNA (miR), or anti-miR, or,                antagomir or blockmir, and/or secretes an miRNA; or.            -   secretes a B lymphocyte extracellular vesicle (EV), a B                lymphocyte exosome or a B lymphocyte micro-vesicle,                comprising: a plurality of anti-sense sequences                specifically targeted against at least one microRNA                (miR), or anti-miR; or, a plurality of antagomirs or                blockmirs, and/or a plurality of miRNA.            -   and the contacting is for a sufficient period of time                and under sufficient conditions such that the at least                one microRNA (miR), or anti-miR, or, antagomir or                blockmir, or at least one miRNA, or, a B lymphocyte                extracellular vesicle (EV), B lymphocyte exosome or B                lymphocyte micro-vesicle, is transferred to or taken up                into the cell,            -   wherein optionally the cell is contacted in vitro, ex                vivo, or in vivo; and optionally the cell is a T cell,                or an activated T cell, or a T cell activated via its                antigen receptor, or a CD8 T cell or a CD4 T cell,            -   and optionally the cell is a cancer cell, a cancer stem                cell or a dysplastic cell, and optionally the cancer                cell is a prostate cancer cell, a breast cancer cell, a                lymphoma cell, a glioblastoma cell, lung cancer cell, a                pancreatic cancer cell, an ovarian cancer cell, a liver                cancer cell, a colon cancer cell, a medulloblastoma                cell, or a salivary gland cancer cell,            -   and optionally the cell or T cell is a mammalian or a                human cell,            -   and optionally the plurality of anti-sense sequences                specifically targeted against at least one microRNA                (miR), or anti-miR; or, the plurality of antagomirs or                blockmirs, and/or miRNA, are designed to or are capable                of modulating an miRNA or an miRNA function:                -   that controls or modulates cell growth, cell                    maturation or differentiation, cell death,                    apoptosis, cell metabolism, immunity or                    inflammation, or                -   that by its modulation can therapeutically treat,                    ameliorate or prevent an infection, a viral or                    bacterial infection, a condition or a disease, a                    metabolic disorder (optionally obesity or type 2                    diabetes), an immune disorder or autoimmune disease,                    a cancer, a disease or condition caused by a cell                    dysplasia, a hypertrophy, a cardiac hypertrophy or a                    fibrosis,    -   wherein optionally the miRNA comprises an miR-141, an miR-150,        an miR-155, an miR-335, an miR-138, an miR-449, an miR-15a or an        miR-16, optionally delivered for the treatment, amelioration or        prevention of prostate cancer, breast cancer, a lymphoma, a        glioblastoma, lung cancer, a pancreatic cancer, an ovarian        cancer, a liver cancer, a colon cancer, a medulloblastoma, or a        salivary gland cancer,    -   wherein optionally the miRNA comprises an miR-335, an miR-138,        or an miR-449, optionally delivered for the treatment,        amelioration or prevention of breast cancer, a metastasis, or a        breast cancer metastasis.

In alternative embodiments, provided are kits comprising a composition,formulation or pharmaceutical composition as provided herein, or acomposition, formulation or pharmaceutical composition made by themethod as provided herein.

In alternative embodiments, provided are methods for making a Blymphocyte supernatant, a B lymphocyte extracellular vesicle (EV), a Blymphocyte exosome or a B lymphocyte micro-vesicle comprising amicro-RNA (miRNA) molecule, the method comprising:

-   -   (a) providing a B lymphocyte; and providing an expression system        capable of expressing a nucleic acid contained therein in the B        lymphocyte, and the expression system comprises or has contained        therein coding sequence for:        -   one or a plurality of the same or different micro-RNA (miR)            or anti-miR molecules,        -   wherein optionally the miR or anti-miR is selected from the            group consisting of: an miR-335, an miR-138, an miR-449, an            miR-141, an miR-150, an miR-155, an miR-15a, an miR-16 or an            miR as set forth in Table 2, or an miRNA that down-regulates            or decreases the activity of SOX4 mRNA, and a combination            thereof, or for the or anti-miR, a sequence complementary to            the miR; and    -   (b) inserting, placing into or transducing into the B lymphocyte        the expression system, and culturing or manipulating the B        lymphocyte such that: the B lymphocyte expresses the one or        plurality of same or different micro-RNA or anti-miR molecules,    -   and optionally further comprising culturing or manipulating the        B lymphocyte such that: a micro-RNA- or anti-miR-comprising B        lymphocyte supernatant is generated, a B lymphocyte        extracellular vesicle (EV) is generated, a B lymphocyte exosome        is generated, and/or a B lymphocyte micro-vesicle is generated;        and    -   optionally (c) harvesting or isolating the B lymphocyte, the B        lymphocyte supernatant, B lymphocyte extracellular vesicle (EV),        B lymphocyte exosome or B lymphocyte micro-vesicle, wherein the        B lymphocyte, the B lymphocyte supernatant, B lymphocyte        extracellular vesicle (EV), B lymphocyte exosome or B lymphocyte        micro-vesicle comprises or has contained therein a plurality of        the micro-RNA (miRNA) molecules.

In alternative embodiments, the compositions, formulations orpharmaceutical compositions, as provided herein are for use in:

-   -   manipulating a cell physiology, a cell function, a cellular        genome in a cell, a cellular transcriptome in a cell, or a        cellular proteome in a cell, wherein optionally the manipulating        is in vitro, ex vivo, or in vivo:    -   modulation of an miRNA or an miRNA function that can        therapeutically treat, ameliorate or prevent an infection, a        viral or bacterial infection, a condition or a disease, a        metabolic disorder (optionally obesity or type 2 diabetes), an        immune disorder or an autoimmune disease, a cancer, a disease or        condition, optionally caused by a cell dysplasia, a hypertrophy,        a cardiac hypertrophy or a fibrosis; or    -   regulating immunity or a metabolism, or for treating,        ameliorating, or preventing an inflammation, a disease, a        condition, an infection, a cancer, or as an adjuvant strategy to        determine the fate of T cells during an immune reaction or a        vaccination, or to restrict the development of FoxP3+ T cells,    -   for treating, ameliorating, preventing, regulating or modulating        any inflammation, disease, condition, infection or cancer        capable of being regulated, treated, ameliorated or prevented by        modulation or inhibition or expression of an miRNA, or    -   suppressing an oncomir or restoring an miRNA that suppresses an        oncogene or a metastasis.

In alternative embodiments, the compositions, formulations orpharmaceutical compositions, as provided herein are for use in treating,ameliorating, or preventing, or controlling the tumorigenicity of: acancer, a glioblastoma, a breast cancer or a triple negative breastcancer, or a breast cancer that tests negative for estrogen receptors(ER−), progesterone receptors (PR−), and/or HER2 (HER2−).

The details of one or more embodiments as provided herein are set forthin the accompanying drawings and the description below. Other features,objects, and advantages of the invention will be apparent from thedescription and drawings, and from the claims.

All publications, patents, patent applications, and GenBank sequencescited herein are hereby expressly incorporated by reference for allpurposes.

DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

The drawings set forth herein are illustrative of embodiments asprovided herein and are not meant to limit the scope of the invention asencompassed by the claims.

FIG. 1A schematically illustrates an exemplary plasmid DNA encodinganti-miR-150 (pCMV-MIR^(a150)), this plasmid codes for the 22 base pairs(bp) corresponding to anti-miR-150 (antisense) under the control of aCMV promoter, where the DNA CTGGTACAGGCCTGGGGGATAG is SEQ ID NO: 1, andthe RNA CUGGUACAGGCCUGGGGGAUAG is SEQ ID NO:2; as discussed in detail inExample 1, below.

FIG. 1B graphically illustrates that primary B lymphocytes synthesizeapproximately 140 copies/cell of anti-miR-150 in the first 18 hrs intransfected B lymphocytes (based on intra-cellular synthesis values); asdiscussed in detail in Example 1, below.

FIG. 1C graphically illustrates that anti-miR-150 molecules wereabundantly secreted in the culture medium 18 hrs after transfection,where over an 18 hr period each cell secretes on average 3,000 copies;as discussed in detail in Example 1, below.

FIG. 2A schematically illustrates an exemplary protocol as providedherein to show that anti-miR-150 secreted by primary B lymphocytes couldbe internalized by CD8 T cells specifically during antigen activation bydendritic cells (DC); bone marrow-derived CD11b⁺/CD11c⁺ DC (BMDC) werecultured in vitro with antigen ovalbumin (OVA) for 16 hrs before addingnaïve CD8 T cells from transgenic OT-I mice that express a T cellreceptor (TCR) specific for the SIINFEKL (SEQ ID NO:3) OVA peptidepresented in MHC Class I molecules, and an anti-miR-150 containingsupernatant from 18 hr culture of transfected primary B lymphocytes; asdiscussed in detail in Example 1, below.

FIG. 2B illustrates images of cell flow cytomety analysis showing cellsstained for CD44 and CD69 in co-cultures of naïve and cross-primed Tcells using the exemplary protocol of FIG. 2A; as discussed in detail inExample 1, below.

FIG. 2C graphically illustrates data from a copy number analysis of CD8T cells from the co-cultures of the exemplary protocol of FIG. 2A, whichshowed that anti-miR-150 was amplified in cross-primed T cells in everyinstance in which the anti-miR-150 enriched supernatant from transfectedprimary B lymphocytes was added; as discussed in detail in Example 1,below.

FIG. 2D graphically illustrates fold modulation (RQ) of endogenousmiR-150 in CD8 T cells of corresponding cultures of the study of FIG.2A-C; as discussed in detail in Example 1, below.

FIG. 3A schematically illustrates an exemplary protocol as providedherein to show that anti-miR-150 secreted by transfected primary Blymphocytes could undergo internalization by CD8 T cells duringcross-priming in vivo.

FIG. 3B illustrates images of cell flow cytometry analysis showingspleen and lymph node CD8 T cells stained for CD44 and CD69 surface intwo TCR transgenic strains of mice; OT-I mice specific for OVA and F5mice whose CD8 T cells bear a TCR specific for the ASNENMDAM (SEQ IDNO:4) peptide of the nucleoprotein (NP) antigen of the influenza A virus(27), as a control.

FIG. 3C-D graphically illustrates data from an anti-miR-150 (FIG. 3C)and miR-150 (FIG. 3D) copy number/cell study in OT-I T cells and F5 Tcells.

FIG. 4A schematically illustrates an exemplary protocol as providedherein of in vitro production and isolation of EVs from J558L cellstransfected with pCMV-MIR^(a150).

FIG. 4B graphically illustrates data showing the detection ofanti-miR-150 in the 120K EV-free supernatant and in the EV-rich pelletof J558L cells after short term transfection with pCMV-MIR^(a150); asdiscussed in detail in Example 1, below.

FIG. 4C graphically illustrates data showing the fold modulation ofanti-miR-150 inside in vitro cross-primed CD8 T cells, and appropriatecontrols, with or without addition of the 120K EV-free supernatant orEV-rich ultracentrifugation pellet; as discussed in detail in Example 1,below.

FIG. 4D illustrates images of a fluorescence microscopy analysis of CD8T cells cross-primed in vitro in the presence of PKH67-labeled EVs (leftpanel), or co-cultured with dendritic cells without OVA (nocross-priming) but in the presence of PKH67-labeled EVs (right panel);as discussed in detail in Example 1, below.

FIG. 5 graphically illustrates data of qRT-PCR using anti-miR-150primers (ABI), where anti-miR-150 amplification is expressed as theratio between the fluorescence intensity of the reporter dye (FAM) andthat of the passive reference dye (ROX) used for normalization; asdiscussed in detail in Example 1, below.

FIG. 6A-C graphically illustrates data showing the downregulation ofendogenous miR-150 in murine tumor cells treated with the supernatant ofJ558L cells transfected with pCMV-MIR^(a150); Murine melanoma (B10.F10)(FIG. 6A), lung (LLC) (FIG. 6B) and prostate (TC1) (FIG. 6C) tumorcells, were cultured in a 24-well plate for 48 hrs in RPMI mediumcontaining 1 ml supernatant of J558L cells transfected with pCMV-MIRaSOor the supernatant of untransfected J558L cells as a control; Resultsrepresent two experiments; as discussed in detail in Example 1, below.

FIG. 7A-C illustrate a schematic representation of plasmids used in thestudy of Example 1: FIG. 7A: the pre-mir nucleotide sequence of miR-150,miR-155 and anti-miR-155; FIG. 7B: schematic view of pCMVmiR-150-miR-155; FIG. 7C, schematic view of pCMV mir-150-anti-miR-155:

FIG. 7A shows the primer nucleotide sequence of:

miR-150 (SEQ ID NO: 5) CCCUGUCUCCCAACCCUUGUACCAGUGCUGUGCCUCAGACCCUGGUACAGGCCUGGGGGAUAGGG, miR-155 (SEQ ID NO: 6)CUGUUAAUGCUAAUUGUGAUAGGGGUUUUGGCCUCUGACUGACUCCUA CCUGUUAGCAUUAACAG, andanti-miR-155 (SEQ ID NO: 7)CUGACCCCUAUCACAAUUAGCAUUAAUUUGGCCUCUGACUGACUCCUAC CUGUUAGCAUUAACAG;

FIG. 7B is a schematic view of the plasmid containing pCMV miR-150,having the sequence TCTCCCAACCCTTGTACCAGT (SEQ ID NO:8), and anti-(shownas “α”)-miR-155, having the sequence TTAATGCTAATTGTGATAGGGGT (SEQ IDNO:9); and,

FIG. 7C is a schematic view of the plasmid containing pCMV mir-150 (SEQID NO:8) and anti-miR-155, having the sequence

ACCCCTATCACAATTAGCATTAA. (SEQ ID NO: 10)

FIG. 8 graphically illustrates data showing expression of two mir-150 inB cells (J558L cells) transfected with a single plasmid DNA, where J558Lcells were transfected with plasmid DNA encompassing the coding sequencefor miR-150 alone, anti-miR-155 alone, or the combination of both(combo), where the data shows that B cells can be programmed for theexpression of two short noncoding RNAs; as discussed in detail inExample 1, below.

FIG. 9 graphically illustrates data showing expression ofmiR-150/anti-miR-155 in B cells (J558L cells) transfected with a singleplasmid DNA, where J558L cells were transfected with plasmid DNAencompassing the coding sequence for miR-150 alone, anti-miR-155 alone,or the combination of both (combo), where the data shows that B cellscan be programmed for the expression of two short noncoding RNAs; asdiscussed in detail in Example 1, below.

FIG. 10 graphically illustrates data showing detection of mir-150 andanti-miR-155 in the supernatant of B cells (J558L cells) transfectedwith a single plasmid DNA, where J558L cells were transfected withplasmid DNA encompassing the coding sequence for miR-150 alone,anti-miR-155 alone, or the combination of both (combo), where the datashows that the supernatant of B cells can be programmed for thebiogenesis of two short non-coding RNAs; as discussed in detail inExample 1, below.

FIG. 11 graphically illustrates data showing detection of mir-150 andanti-miR-155 in the supernatant of B cells (J558L cells) transfectedwith a single plasmid DNA, where J558L cells were transfected withplasmid DNA encompassing the coding sequence for miR-150 alone,anti-miR-155 alone, or miR-150 and anti-miR-155 alone (combo), where thedata shows that the supernatant of B cells can be programmed for thebiogenesis of two short non-coding RNAs; as discussed in detail inExample 1, below.

FIG. 12 graphically illustrates data showing that it is possible totransfect B cells with a plasmid coding for two miRNA and yield therelease of EVs: the data shows expression of mir-150 and miR-155 in EVsreleased by B cells (J558L cells) transfected with a single plasmid DNAcoding for miR-150 alone, miR-155 alone, or two miR-150 (combo), wherethe data shows miRNA (mirR) enrichment in EVs released by B cellsprogrammed with two short non-coding RNAs; as discussed in detail inExample 1, below.

FIG. 13 graphically illustrates data showing that it is possible totransfect B cells with a plasmid coding for two miRNA and yield therelease of EVs: the data shows expression of mir-150 and miR-155 in EVsreleased by B cells (J558L cells) transfected with a single plasmid DNAcoding for miR-150 alone, miR-155 alone, or miR-150 and anti-miR-155alone (combo), where the data shows miRNA (mirR) enrichment in EVsreleased by B cells programmed with two short non-coding RNAs; asdiscussed in detail in Example 1, below.

FIG. 14A-B schematically illustrates copy number/EV quantitation ofmir-150 and anti-miR-155 in EVs produced by programmed J558L cells. EVswere isolated from the supernatant of J558L cells transfected with aplasmid coding for miR-150 alone, miR-155 alone, or the combination ofboth (combo) 48 hrs after transfection and culture in complete mediumcontaining exosome-depleted fetal calf serum. Total RNA extraction andcDNA generation were performed as in FIG. 4. Samples were pre-amplifiedand then subject to RT-qPCR amplification using RT-specific primers.Copy number/EV were calculated as described in material and Methods.ST=Sham transfected. Results refer to the mean±SD of two replicatesamples. Representative of two experiments, FIG. 14A and FIG. 14B, withcomparable results.

FIG. 15 schematically illustrates the expression levels in the murinemyeloma cell line J558L, and comparison of them, after transfection witha pCMVmir coding for one or two pre-miR-335 stem loops; as discussed indetail in Example 3, below.

FIG. 16 graphically illustrates data showing the uptake and miR-335content in LM2 cells incubated in vitro for 48 hrs with iEVs³³⁵ over arange of iEVs:LM2 cell ratios in order to establish the minimumthreshold for effective restoration of miR-335 content in target LM2cells; an increase in copy number followed a dose response curve, with agreater than 4-fold increase over untreated LM2 cells at the 10³ dose;as discussed in detail in Example 3, below.

FIG. 17 graphically illustrates data showing that cargo miR-335downregulates two miR-335 specific targets. SOX4 (upper panel) andtenascin C (TNC) (lower panel); as discussed in detail in Example 3,below.

FIG. 18 graphically illustrates data showing that cargo miR-335 has noeffects on two endogenous genes β-Catenin (beta-Catenin) (CTNNB1) (upperpanel) and human TERT (lower panel); as discussed in detail in Example3, below;

FIG. 19 illustrates data demonstrating that internalization of iEVscontaining an enriched miR-335 cargo does not affect the viability ofLM2 cells over a period of 96 hours; Upper panel: Unt; middle panel:Sham; lower panel, MiR-335, where in each panel the upper graph is 24hours (hrs), and middle graph is 48 hrs, and the lower graph is 96 hrs,after internalization; as discussed in detail in Example 3, below.

FIG. 20A-D illustrate data showing the ability of iEVs³³⁵ to control LM2tumorigenicity, as tested in a model of orthotopic implantation, whereLM2 cells were pretreated by incubation with 4×10⁴ fold excess: iEVs³³⁵or control iEVs, for 48 hours to allow for their uptake/internalizationand release of miR-335, and mice were then injected in the fat pad with4×10⁵ LM2 cells, as discussed in detail in Example 3, below:

FIG. 20A-B illustrates bioluminescence images representative oforthotopic tumors formed by LM2 cells treated with either sham EVs (leftimage, FIG. 20A) or iEVs-335 (right image, FIG. 20B). Images wereobtained on day 60 after implantation.

FIG. 20C graphically illustrates average tumor size or volume (mm³) oftumors born out of LM2 cells untreated (N=6), pretreated with sham iEVs(N=5) or iEVs-335 (N=9) implanted in the fat pad of NSG mice, asdescribed in Example 3, below.

FIG. 20D graphically illustrates tumor weight (gr) of tumors born out ofLM2 cells untreated (N=6), pretreated with sham iEVs (N=5) or iEVs-335(N=4) implanted in the fat pad of NSG mice, as described in Example 3,below.

FIG. 20E-H illustrate data from studies measuring the levels of miR-335in tumors excised to see if the effect was associated with a highercontent of miR-335 in LM2 tumors in which miR-335 content was restoredtherapeutically, as described in Example 3, below.

FIG. 20E graphically illustrates that endogenous values for miR-335 were1.0±0.06 for the 6 control mice and 0.8±0.02 for tumors treated withcontrol iEVs, whereas they were significantly higher (4.7±0.7) in thefour tumors borne of LM2 cells pretreated with iEV³³⁵ prior toimplantation in vivo, as described in Example 3, below.

FIG. 20F graphically illustrates that no differences were detected inthe endogenous levels of let-7a, a miRNA used as a control in the sametumor groups as in FIG. 20D, as described in Example 3, below.

FIG. 20G-H graphically illustrates data showing that restoration ofmiR-335 in LM2 cells had effects on its target, mRNA levels ofendogenous SOX4 (FIG. 20G) and TNC (FIG. 20H) (see FIG. 13F, left andright panels, in the same tumor groups as in FIG. 20E, as described inExample 3, below.

FIG. 20I-J graphically illustrates data no variation was noted in themRNA levels of two unrelated endogenous genes, CTNNB1 and TERT (see FIG.13G, left (FIG. 20I) and right (FIG. 20J) panels, respectively) in thesame tumor groups as in FIG. 20E, as described in Example 3, below.

FIG. 21A-B graphically illustrates data showing that restoration ofmiR-335 (FIG. 21A) and downregulation of SOX4 in LM2 cells (FIG. 21B)lasts up to 8 days after initial treatment with iEVs-335, as describedin Example 3, below.

FIG. 22 illustrates an image of a Western blot analysis showing that EVsproduced by programmed J558L cells express CD63; as described in Example2, below.

Like reference symbols in the various drawings indicate like elements.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

In alternative embodiments, provided are methods and compositions formodulating evolutionarily conserved short (approximately 20 to 30nucleotides) non-coding RNAs, or microRNAs, which are powerfulregulators of gene expression in a variety of physiological andpathological processes. In alternative embodiments, provided are methodsand compositions for effectively and efficiently modulating microRNA(miR) function, and therapeutic uses thereof. In alternativeembodiments, methods and compositions as provided herein modulatemicroRNA (miR) function by generating and delivering anti-sensesequences against microRNA (miR), or anti-miR, also called antagomirs orblockmirs, which in alternative embodiments are oligonucleotides thatcan modulate, inhibit or silence endogenous microRNA (miR) or otherwiseintracellular microRNA (miR), e.g., viral microRNA (miR). In alternativeembodiments, antagomirs used to practice embodiments provided herein canprevent other molecules from binding to a desired site on a nucleicacid, e.g., a DNA or an RNA, or a gene or an mRNA molecule (a message).

In alternative embodiments, methods and compositions as provided hereincan be used to manipulate, e.g., inhibit or accelerate, or decrease orincrease the rate of production or expression of, or increase ordecrease the stability of, any gene or message by the efficient deliveryin vivo (e.g., to an individual in need thereof) of the appropriate miRor antagomir. In alternative embodiments, methods and compositions asprovided herein can be used to manipulate any genetic, cellular orbiological system controlled or generated at least in part by an miRNA,e.g., including cell growth, maturation and differentiation, cell death(e.g., apoptosis), metabolism, immunity and inflammation, by theefficient delivery in vivo of the appropriate miR or antagomir. Inalternative embodiments, methods and compositions as provided herein canbe used to therapeutically treat, ameliorate or prevent an infection (aviral or bacterial infection), a condition or a disease, e.g., a diseasesuch as cancer or a disease or condition caused by any cell dysplasia,cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis, by the efficient delivery in vivo ofthe appropriate antagomir.

Nucleic acids used to practice embodiments provided herein, whether RNA,cDNA, genomic DNA, vectors, viruses or hybrids thereof, may be isolatedfrom a variety of sources, genetically engineered, amplified, and/orexpressed/generated recombinantly (recombinant polypeptides can bemodified or immobilized to arrays in accordance with embodimentsprovided herein). Any recombinant expression system can be used,including bacterial, mammalian, yeast, insect or plant cell expressionsystems. Nucleic acids used to practice embodiments provided herein canbe synthesized in vitro by well-known chemical synthesis techniques, asdescribed in, e.g., Carruthers (1982) Cold Spring Harbor Symp. Quant.Biol. 47:411-418; Adams (1983) J. Am. Chem. Soc. 105:661; Belousov(1997) Nucleic Acids Res. 25:3440-3444; Frenkel (1995) Free Radic. Biol.Med. 19:373-380; Blommers (1994) Biochemistry 33:7886-7896; Narang(1979) Meth. Enzymol. 68:90; Brown (1979) Meth. Enzymol. 68:109;Beaucage (1981) Tetra. Lett. 22:1859; U.S. Pat. No. 4,458,066.Alternatively, nucleic acids can be obtained from commercial sources.Double stranded DNA fragments may then be obtained either bysynthesizing the complementary strand and annealing the strands togetherunder appropriate conditions, or by adding the complementary strandusing DNA polymerase with a primer sequence. Techniques for themanipulation of nucleic acids, such as, e.g., subcloning, labelingprobes (e.g., random-primer labeling using Klenow polymerase, nicktranslation, amplification), sequencing, hybridization and the like arewell described in the scientific and patent literature, see, e.g.,Sambrook, ed., MOLECULAR CLONING: A LABORATORY MANUAL (2ND ED.), Vols.1-3, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, (1989); CURRENT PROTOCOLS INMOLECULAR BIOLOGY, Ausubel, ed. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York(1997): LABORATORY TECHNIQUES IN BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY:HYBRIDIZATION WITH NUCLEIC ACID PROBES, Part I. Theory and Nucleic AcidPreparation, Tijssen, ed. Elsevier, N.Y. (1993). The nucleic acids usedto practice embodiments provided herein, whether RNA, iRNA, siRNA,antisense nucleic acid, cDNA, genomic DNA, vectors, viruses or hybridsthereof, may be isolated from a variety of sources, geneticallyengineered, amplified, and/or expressed/generated recombinantly.Recombinant polypeptides generated from these nucleic acids can beindividually isolated or cloned and tested for a desired activity. Anyrecombinant expression system can be used, including bacterial,mammalian, yeast, insect or plant cell expression systems. Techniquesfor the manipulation of nucleic acids, such as, e.g., subcloning,labeling probes (e.g., random-primer labeling using Klenow polymerase,nick translation, amplification), sequencing, hybridization and the likeare well described in the scientific and patent literature, see, e.g.,Sambrook, ed., Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual (2nd ed.), Vols.1-3. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, (1989): Current Protocols inMolecular Biology, Ausubel, ed. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York(1997); Laboratory Techniques in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology:Hybridization with Nucleic Acid Probes, Part I. Theory and Nucleic AcidPreparation, Tijssen, ed. Elsevier, N.Y. (1993).

Provided are expression systems, e.g., plasmids or vectors, comprising anucleic acid, e.g., microRNA (miR), or anti-miR, or, antagomir orblockmir, used to practice a composition or method as provided herein.Provided are expression vehicles comprising an expression cassette(e.g., a vector) as provided herein or a nucleic acid e.g., microRNA(miR), or anti-miR, or, antagomir or blockmir, used to practice acomposition or method as provided herein. The cloning vehicle can be avector, a non-viral or a viral vector, a plasmid, a phage, a phagemid, acosmid, a fosmid, a bacteriophage or an artificial chromosome. The viralvector can comprise an adenovirus vector, a retroviral vector or anadeno-associated viral vector. The cloning vehicle can comprise abacterial artificial chromosome (BAC), a plasmid, a bacteriophageP1-derived vector (PAC), a yeast artificial chromosome (YAC), or amammalian artificial chromosome (MAC). Provided are transformed cellscomprising a nucleic acid, a microRNA (miR), or anti-miR, or, antagomiror blockmir, used to practice a composition or method as providedherein, or an expression cassette (e.g., a vector) used to practiceembodiments provided herein.

Pharmaceutical Compositions and Formulations

In alternative embodiments, provided are pharmaceutical compositions andformulations for practicing methods as provided herein, e.g., methodsfor preventing or slowing cancer cell proliferation, local and distalmetastasis, epithelial to mesenschymal transition (EMT) or thedifferentiation of cancer initiating/cancer stem cells into moredifferentiated cancer cells; or, for practicing methods for manipulatinga cell physiology, a cell function, a cellular genome in a cell, acellular transcriptome in a cell, or a cellular proteome in a cell,wherein optionally the manipulating is in vitro, ex vivo, or in vivo. Inalternative embodiments, the pharmaceutical compositions andformulations comprise a B lymphocyte supernatant or equivalent thereof,a B lymphocyte extracellular vesicle (EV) or equivalent thereof, a Blymphocyte exosome or equivalent thereof, and/or a B lymphocytemicro-vesicle or equivalent thereof, comprising or having containedtherein: a plurality of the same or different micro-RNA (miRNA, or miR)molecules, wherein optionally the miRNA is selected from the groupconsisting of: an miR-335, an miR-141, an miR-150, an miR-155, anmiR-15a, an miR-16 and a combination thereof.

In alternative embodiments, compositions used to practice the methods asprovided herein are formulated with a pharmaceutically acceptablecarrier. In alternative embodiments, the pharmaceutical compositionsused to practice the methods as provided herein can be administeredparenterally, topically, orally or by local administration, such as byaerosol, subcutaneous or intradermally. The pharmaceutical compositionsand formulations can be formulated in any way and can be administered ina variety of unit dosage forms depending upon the condition or diseaseand the degree of illness, the general medical condition of eachpatient, the resulting preferred method of administration and the like.Details on techniques for formulation and administration are welldescribed in the scientific and patent literature, see, e.g., the latestedition of Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maack Publishing Co,Easton Pa. (“Remington's”).

Therapeutic agents used to practice the methods as provided herein canbe administered alone or as a component of a pharmaceutical formulation(composition). The compounds may be formulated for administration in anyconvenient way for use in human or veterinary medicine. Wetting agents,emulsifiers and lubricants, such as sodium lauryl sulfate and magnesiumstearate, as well as coloring agents, release agents, coating agents,sweetening, flavoring and perfuming agents, preservatives andantioxidants can also be present in the compositions.

Formulations of the compositions used to practice the methods asprovided herein include those suitable for oral/nasal, topical,parenteral, rectal, and/or intravaginal administration. The formulationsmay conveniently be presented in unit dosage form and may be prepared byany methods well known in the art of pharmacy. The amount of activeingredient which can be combined with a carrier material to produce asingle dosage form will vary depending upon the host being treated, theparticular mode of administration. The amount of active ingredient whichcan be combined with a carrier material to produce a single dosage formwill generally be that amount of the compound which produces atherapeutic effect.

Pharmaceutical formulations used to practice the methods as providedherein can be prepared according to any method known to the art for themanufacture of pharmaceuticals. Such drugs can contain preservingagents. A formulation can be admixtured with nontoxic pharmaceuticallyacceptable excipients which are suitable for manufacture. Formulationsmay comprise one or more diluents, emulsifiers, preservatives, buffers,excipients, etc. and may be provided in such forms as liquids, powders,emulsions, lyophilized powders, sprays, creams, lotions, controlledrelease formulations, tablets, pills, gels, on patches, in implants,etc.

In practicing methods provided herein, the pharmaceutical compounds canbe delivered by transdermally, by a topical route, formulated asapplicator sticks, solutions, suspensions, emulsions, gels, creams,ointments, pastes, jellies, paints, powders, and aerosols.

In practicing methods provided herein, the pharmaceutical compounds canalso be delivered as nanoparticles or microspheres for regulated, e.g.,fast or slow release in the body. For example, nanoparticles ormicrospheres can be administered via intradermal injection of thedesired composition, which slowly releases subcutaneously; see Rao(1995) J. Biomater Sci. Polym. Ed. 7:623-645; as biodegradable andinjectable gel formulations, see, e.g., Gao (1995) Pharm. Res.12:857-863 (1995); or, as microspheres for oral administration, see,e.g., Eyles (1997) J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 49:669-674. Nanoparticles canalso be given intravenously, for example nanoparticles with linkage tobiological molecules as address tags could be targeted to specifictissues or organs.

In practicing methods provided herein, the pharmaceutical compounds canbe parenterally administered, such as by intravenous (IV) administrationor administration into a body cavity or lumen of an organ. Theseformulations can comprise a solution of active agent dissolved in apharmaceutically acceptable carrier. Acceptable vehicles and solventsthat can be employed are water and Ringer's solution, an isotonic sodiumchloride. In addition, sterile fixed oils can be employed as a solventor suspending medium. For this purpose, any bland fixed oil can beemployed including synthetic mono- or diglycerides. In addition, fattyacids such as oleic acid can likewise be used in the preparation ofinjectables. These solutions are sterile and generally free ofundesirable matter. These formulations may be sterilized byconventional, well known sterilization techniques. The formulations maycontain pharmaceutically acceptable auxiliary substances as required toapproximate physiological conditions such as pH adjusting and bufferingagents, toxicity adjusting agents, e.g., sodium acetate, sodiumchloride, potassium chloride, calcium chloride, sodium lactate and thelike. The concentration of active agent in these formulations can varywidely, and will be selected primarily based on fluid volumes,viscosities, body weight, and the like, in accordance with theparticular mode of administration selected and the patient's needs. ForIV administration, the formulation can be a sterile injectablepreparation, such as a sterile injectable aqueous or oleaginoussuspension. This suspension can be formulated using those suitabledispersing or wetting agents and suspending agents. The sterileinjectable preparation can also be a suspension in a nontoxicparenterally-acceptable diluent or solvent, such as a solution of1,3-butanediol. The administration can be by bolus or continuousinfusion (e.g., substantially uninterrupted introduction into a bloodvessel for a specified period of time).

The pharmaceutical compounds and formulations used to practice themethods as provided herein can be lyophilized. Provided are a stablelyophilized formulation comprising a composition as provided herein,which can be made by lyophilizing a solution comprising a pharmaceuticalas provided herein and a bulking agent, e.g., mannitol, trehalose,raffinose, and sucrose or mixtures thereof. A process for preparing astable lyophilized formulation can include lyophilizing a solution about2.5 mg/mL protein, about 15 mg/mL sucrose, about 19 mg/mL NaCl, and asodium citrate buffer having a pH greater than 5.5 but less than 6.5.See, e.g., U.S. patent app. no. 20040028670.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs). Exosomes comprising Synthetic RNA

Provided are B lymphocyte supernatants or equivalents thereof. Blymphocyte extracellular vesicles (EVs) or equivalents thereof. Blymphocyte exosomes or equivalents thereof, and/or B lymphocytemicro-vesicles or equivalents thereof comprising synthetic miRs orsynthetic anti-miRs.

In alternative embodiments, these synthetic miRs- or syntheticanti-miRs-comprising B lymphocyte extracellular vesicles (EVs) orequivalents thereof. B lymphocyte exosomes or equivalents thereof,and/or B lymphocyte micro-vesicles or equivalents thereof are producedby first inserting into the B lymphocyte the synthetic miRs or syntheticanti-miRs which can be by any means, e.g., by transfection, e.g., byusing LIPOFECTIN™. After culturing, the B lymphocytes then producesextracellular vesicles (EVs) or equivalents thereof, B lymphocyteexosomes or equivalents thereof, and/or B lymphocyte micro-vesicles orequivalents thereof comprising the synthetic miRs or syntheticanti-miRs.

Synthetic miRs or synthetic anti-miRs can be made by any means, e.g., asdescribed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 9,828,603, 9,139,832; 8,969,317.

Products of Manufacture and Kits

Provided are products of manufacture and kits for practicing methods asprovided herein, e.g., methods for preventing or slowing cancer cellproliferation, local and distal metastasis, epithelial to mesenschymaltransition (EMT) or the differentiation of cancer initiating/cancer stemcells into more differentiated cancer cells; or, for practicing methodsfor manipulating a cell physiology, a cell function, a cellular genomein a cell, a cellular transcriptome in a cell, or a cellular proteome ina cell. In alternative embodiment, products of manufacture and kitsinclude instructions for practicing methods as provided herein. Inalternative embodiment, products of manufacture and kits comprisecompositions for practicing methods as provided herein, e.g., a Blymphocyte supernatant, a B lymphocyte extracellular vesicle (EV), a Blymphocyte exosome, and/or a B lymphocyte micro-vesicle, comprisinge.g., a plurality of the same or different micro-RNA molecules.

The invention will be further described with reference to the examplesdescribed herein; however, it is to be understood that the invention isnot limited to such examples.

EXAMPLES

Unless stated otherwise in the Examples, all recombinant DNA techniquesare carried out according to standard protocols, for example, asdescribed in Sambrook et al. (1989) Molecular Cloning: A LaboratoryManual, Second Edition, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, NY and inVolumes 1 and 2 of Ausubel et al. (1994) Current Protocols in MolecularBiology, Current Protocols, USA. Standard materials and methods forplant molecular work are described in Plant Molecular Biology Labfax(1993) by R. D. D. Croy, jointly published by BIOS ScientificPublications Ltd (UK) and Blackwell Scientific Publications, UK. Otherreferences for standard molecular biology techniques include Sambrookand Russell (2001) Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual, ThirdEdition, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, NY, Volumes I and II ofBrown (1998) Molecular Biology LabFax, Second Edition, Academic Press(UK). Standard materials and methods for polymerase chain reactions canbe found in Dieffenbach and Dveksler (1995) PCR Primer: A LaboratoryManual, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, and in McPherson at al.(2000) PCR—Basics: From Background to Bench, First Edition, SpringerVerlag, Germany.

Example 1: In Vivo Delivery of Antagomirs and Therapeutic Uses Thereof

This example demonstrates that methods and compositions as providedherein can be used to manipulate any genetic, cellular or biologicalsystem controlled or generated at least in part by an miRNA, e.g.,including cell growth, maturation and differentiation, cell death (e.g.,apoptosis), metabolism, immunity and inflammation, by the efficientdelivery in vivo of the appropriate antagomir. This example demonstratesthat methods as provided herein can be used to therapeutically treat,ameliorate or prevent an infection (a viral or bacterial infection), acondition or a disease, e.g., a disease such as cancer or a disease orcondition caused by any cell dysplasia, cardiac hypertrophy andfibrosis, by the efficient delivery in viwo of the appropriateantagomir.

Here we demonstrate that primary B lymphocytes can be geneticallyprogrammed with plasmid DNA, including non-viral plasmids, for thebiogenesis and delivery of antagomirs; in particular, that primary Blymphocytes can be genetically programmed with non-viral plasmid DNA forthe biogenesis and delivery of the anti-miR miR-150. As described indetail in the Examples, within 18 hours (hrs) of transfection with ananti-miR-150 construct, primary B lymphocytes secrete approximately 3000antagomir copies/cell of anti-miR-150 molecules. Anti-miR-150 moleculesreleased by B lymphocytes were internalized by CD8 T lymphocytes duringcross-priming in vitro and in vivo, resulting in marked downregulationof endogenous miR-150. However, such internalization was not observed inthe absence of cross-priming. These results demonstrated that shuttlinganti-miR-150 molecules from B lymphocytes to T cells required theactivation of receiver T cells via the antigen receptor. Finally,anti-miR-150 synthesized in B cells were secreted both as free andextracellular vesicle (EV)-associated fractions, but only EV-associatedanti-miR-150 were apparently taken up by CD8 T cells. Collectively,these data demonstrate that the methods provided herein, which compriseuse of primary B lymphocytes to deliver antagomirs in vivo, provide anefficient platform for the synthesis and delivery of short, non-codingRNA, and also provide a new approach to immunogenomic and other genetictherapies.

Transduced or transfected primary B lymphocytes have been previouslyproposed as vehicles for the synthesis and delivery of proteins ofimmunological relevance (13, 14). B lymphocytes are an attractive celltype in which to carry gene manipulations for therapeutic purposesbecause (i) B lymphocytes are abundant in peripheral blood (about 15% ofall leukocytes), (ii) develop a formidable translational capacity onceactivated through the antigen receptor, and (iii) do not need culture,maturation or differentiation to be used as vehicles of DNA-basedregulatory functions (15). For instance, we demonstrated that primary Blymphocytes transfected ex vivo with plasmid DNA and injectedintravenously (i.v.) into naïve immune competent mice, synthesize andprocess transgenic molecules thus initiating a systemic T cell responsein vivo (16) while persisting in secondary lymphoid organs forapproximately 15 days (15). Because the RNAseIII enzymes (Drosha andDicer) that are required to process plasmid-bome RNA into small RNA, andultimately single stranded mature miRNA, are functional in primary Blymphocytes (17, 18), we decided to experimentally verify whether thebiogenesis and secretion of short, non-coding anti-microRNA moleculescould be activated in primary B lymphocytes transfected with suitableplasmid DNA. To this end, experiments were performed targeting miR-150,a miRNA involved in shaping the characteristics of memory CD8 T cells(19), control of B cell lymphopoiesis (20) and in liquid and solidtumors (21, 22).

Here we report that primary murine B lymphocytes transfected withplasmid DNA (pCMV-MIR) comprising the coding sequence for anti-miR-150efficiently synthesize and secrete functional anti-miRNA molecules,which are taken up by CD8 T lymphocytes during antigen presentationTcell activation in vitro and in vivo apparently through small vesiclesreferred herein as extracellular vesicles (EVs), a collective terminclusive of exosomes and micro-vesicles (23). These findings arediscussed with respect to the use of suitably programmed primary Blymphocytes for the new forms of miRNA-based therapies as provided bythe methods provided herein.

Results

Synthesis and Secretion of Anti-Mir150 in B Lymphocytes

To test the possibility that primary B lymphocytes could efficientlysustain the synthesis of anti-miRNAs, primary B lymphocytes purifiedfrom the spleen of naive adult mice were transfected with plasmid DNAencoding anti-miR-150 (pCMV-MIRa¹⁵⁰). This plasmid codes for the 22 bpcorresponding to anti-miR-150 (antisense) under the control of the CMVpromoter (FIG. 1A). Assuming equal cell distribution, the input duringtransfection was approximately 3×10⁵ molecules of plasmid/cell. Copiesof anti-miR-150 were produced in every instance as determined by copynumber in transfected B lymphocytes. Based on intra-cellular synthesisvalues, we estimated that, on average, primary B lymphocytes synthesizeapproximately 140 copies/cell in the first 18 hrs (FIG. 1B), with a4-fold variation in synthetic rate from experiment to experiment. Thepossibility that the qRT-PCR would amplify the input plasmid was ruledout because the anti-miR-150 specific primers did not amplify theplasmid, suggesting that amplification was specific for the shortanti-miR-150 after intra-cellular biogenesis.

Secretion of anti-miR-150 was assessed in the culture supernatantharvested 18 hrs after transfection. Anti-miR-150 molecules wereabundantly secreted in the culture medium. When the copy number wasadjusted for the number of transfected primary B lymphocytes, we foundthat over the 18 hr period each cell secretes on average 3,000 copies,many more copies than those estimated inside the cell (FIG. 1C). Thisfinding suggests a rapid cellular export of mature anti-miR-150 withaccumulation in the extra-cellular compartment. Collectively, these datashow that primary B lymphocytes transfected with pCMV-MIR^(a150)initiate a reproducible, high level synthesis and secretion of specificanti-miRNA molecules.

Uptake of Anti-miR-150 by CD8 T Lymphocytes During Cross-Priming InVitro

Cross-priming is the property of CD8 T cells to be activated byphagocytic antigen presenting cells after uptake of soluble antigen andprocessing/presentation in the MHC Class I pathway (24). As such,cross-priming is regarded as the preferential mode of activation of CD8T cells by host antigen presenting cells after uptake of self-tumorantigens (25). Here, we used in vitro cross-priming to test thepossibility that anti-miR-150 secreted by primary B lymphocytes could beinternalized by CD8 T cells specifically during antigen activation bydendritic cells (DC). Briefly, bone marrow-derived CD11b⁺/CD11c⁺ DC(BMDC) were cultured in vitro with the model antigen ovalbumin (OVA) for16 hrs before adding (a) naïve CD8 T cells from transgenic OT-I micethat express a T cell receptor (TCR) specific for the SIINFEKL (SEQ IDNO:3) OVA peptide presented in MHC Class I molecules (26), and (b) theanti-miR-150 containing supernatant from 18 hr culture of transfectedprimary B lymphocytes (FIG. 2A). These co-cultures were subsequentlyincubated for 96 hrs. To ensure that CD8 T cells were activated duringcross-priming, cells were stained for CD44 and CD69, two canonicalsurface markers of activation, and were found to be positive in a largeproportion of cross-primed CD8 T cells (FIG. 2B). A copy number analysisof CD8 T cells from these co-cultures revealed that in every instance inwhich we added the anti-miR-150 enriched supernatant from transfectedprimary B lymphocytes, anti-miR-150 was markedly amplified incross-primed T cells (FIG. 2C). In contrast, when the same B lymphocytesupernatant was added to CD8 T cells co-cultured with BMDC without OVA(i.e., no cross-priming) no detectable anti-miR-150 amplification wasfound. This result suggests that antigen-mediated activation of CD8 Tcells via cross-priming is necessary for the internalization ofanti-miRNAs.

Transfer Anti-miR-150 from Transfected B Lymphocytes to CD8 T CellsDuring Cross-Priming In Vivo

Next, we tested the possibility that anti-miR-150 secreted bytransfected primary B lymphocytes could undergo internalization by CD8 Tcells during cross-priming in vivo. To this end, we used and comparedtwo TCR transgenic strains of mice: OT-I mice specific for OVA and F5mice whose CD8 T cells bear a TCR specific for the ASNENMDAM (SEQ IDNO:4) peptide of the nucleoprotein (NP) antigen of the influenza A virus(27), as a control. To induce cross-priming, mice were pre-injected i.p.with OVA (5 mg) to cause antigen-specific activation of CD8 T cells insecondary lymphoid organs (28). Twenty-four hrs after OVAadministration, mice were injected i.v. with 1×10⁶ primary B lymphocytesfreshly (<1 hr) transfected with pCMV-MIR^(a150) (FIG. 3A). We reasonedthat since F5 mice are specific for influenza virus NP antigen, theywould not respond to OVA immunization, hence representing an idealindicator of any effect due the transfected B lymphocytes outside thecontext of cross-priming (e.g., passive uptake), and also account forany effect due to OVA. As expected, OVA activated CD8 T cells in OT-Ibut not in F5 mice as determined by CD44 and CD69 surface staining onspleen and lymph node CD8 T cells purified on day 3 (FIG. 3B). In 7 outof 7 instances, we amplified anti-miR-150 in OT-I CD8 T cells, whereasamplification in CD8 T cells from F5 mice was minimal. The average copynumber/cell in OT-I T cells was 4×10⁴ vs. 40 in F5 T cells (FIG. 3C).Thus, anti-miR-150 molecules secreted by transfected primary Blymphocytes are taken-up by CD8 T cells during antigen-specificactivation, suggesting local shuttling of anti-miR-150 molecules from Blymphocytes to CD8 T lymphocytes.

In Vitro and In Vivo Down-Modulation of miR-150 in T Cells DuringCross-Priming

The expression of miR-150 in mature T lymphocytes is not static and isdown regulated by TCR engagement (29), making it an ideal target toassess regulation by exogenous anti-miR-150. To determine ifanti-miR-150 secreted by B lymphocytes affects miR-150 expression intarget T lymphocytes, we measured miR-150 levels in CD8 T cellscross-primed in vitro and in vivo, respectively. We found that themiR-150 expression in CD8 T cells cross-primed in vitro in the presenceof B lymphocyte-derived anti-miR-150 supernatant was considerablyreduced (approximately 70%) relative to CD8 T cells cross-primed only(FIG. 2D), miR-150 levels in CD8 T cells from co-cultures in which OVAhad been omitted were comparable or even increased relative to baselinecontrols. In these cells the endogenous levels of an unrelated microRNA(let-7a) used as a control were unaffected by anti-miR-150 treatment.Thus, the uptake of anti-miR-150 by CD8 T cells during in vitro antigencross-priming resulted in marked and specific decrease of endogenousmiR-150 expression. Furthermore, we found that the level of miR-150 inCD8 T cells after cross-priming in vivo was also considerably reduced(approximately 60%) relative to levels in naive OT-I T cells (FIG. 3D),but not in control F5 CD8 T cells in which we observed an increase.These findings suggest that anti-miR-150 molecules secreted bytransfected primary B lymphocytes, once internalized by CD8 Tlymphocytes cross-primed in vivo, specifically and reproduciblydown-regulate endogenous miR-150.

Anti-miR-150 is Highly Enriched in B Cell-Derived EVs, which areInternalized by T Cells During Cross-Priming In Vitro

EVs have been shown to mediate the intercellular transfer of short,non-coding RNA (12). To verify if such a mechanism was operative in ourmodel system, we isolated EVs from murine J558L plasmacytoma cellstransfected with pCMV-MIR^(a150). After 96 hr culture in EV-freesupernatant 2×10: transfected cells were subjected to standardcentrifugation and the resulting supernatant ultracentrifuged at120,000×G (120K) to generate two fractions: an EV-free supernatant andan EV-rich pellet, respectively (FIG. 4A). These two fractions were theninterrogated by qRT-PCR for anti-miR-150 content. Anti-miR-150 could beamplified from both the 120K EV-free supernatant and the EV-rich pellet(FIG. 4B). Thus, anti-miRs produced in B cells are released both as freeand EV-associated RNA molecules. Next, we sought to determine whetherboth short RNA species were involved in uptake/internalization by CD8 Tcells during cross-priming in vitro. By qPCR we determined thatanti-miR-150 could be amplified predominantly in CD8 T cellscross-primed in the presence of EVs (FIG. 4C) but not in cellscross-primed without the addition of EVs or in CD8 T cells co-culturedwith BMDC without OVA (i.e., no cross-priming), as expected fromprevious experiments.

Surprisingly, amplification in CD8 T cells cross-primed in the presenceof the 120K EV-free supernatant was very low (FIG. 4C). To directlyvisualize the internalization of EV in cross-primed CD8 T cells, EVproduced by transfected J558L cells were isolated and labeled with thegreen fluorescent lipid dye PKH67, and added to OT-I CD8 T cellsco-cultured with BMDC with or without OVA as illustrated in FIG. 2A. Byfluorescence microscopy PKH67-labeled EVs could be visualized inside CD8T cells during cross-priming, but not inside CD8 T cells co-culturedwith dendritic cells without OVA (i.e., no cross-priming) in thepresence of PKH67-labeled EVs (FIG. 4D), indicating that PKH67-labeledEV translocate to CD8 T cells specifically during antigen activation. Weestimated that 40% of cross-primed CD8 T cells contain labeled EVs, withapproximately 50 EVs per cell (Table S1). Collectively, theseexperiments demonstrate that upon transfection primary B lymphocytessecrete EVs with an anti-miR-150 cargo that are taken up by activatedCD8 T cells.

Discussion

These results demonstrate that primary B lymphocytes transfected withsuitably engineered plasmid DNA efficiently synthesize and secreteanti-miR-150 molecules that can be internalized by CD8 T cells duringantigen-mediated activation, in vitro and in vivo. Anti-miR-150molecules produced in primary B lymphocytes also effectivelydown-regulate endogenous miR-150 levels in cross-primed CD8 Tlymphocytes. Finally, we show that EVs serve as the likely vehiclethrough which anti-miR-150 molecules are shuttled into receiver CD8 Tcells. Collectively, these results demonstrate the effectiveness ofmethods as provided herein for delivering antagomirs in vivo, and thatthe methods as provided herein provide a new function for B lymphocytes,including the synthesis and secretion of functional short, non-codingRNAs, including (noting the invention is not limited by any particularmechanism of action) their release in the form of EVs.

Provided are methods and compositions to modulate any microRNA, whichare powerful regulators of biological processes through translationalrepression and/or mRNA degradation, mechanisms different from thecanonical role of mRNA. Provided are methods for manipulating thesemechanisms of action, e.g., including modulating miRNAs that regulateimmunity, inflammation and cancer. Provided are methods for manipulatingthe fate of memory CD8 T cells, which are regulated by a discrete numberof selected miRNAs, including miR-150, whose manipulation enables one todirect CD8 T cell fate predictably (19).

The data presented here demonstrate that B lymphocyte-derivedanti-miR-150 molecules are internalized in CD8 T cells when these cellsare activated by antigen-presenting cells. This implies that the use ofB lymphocytes as synthesis and delivery vehicles of short, non-codingRNAs to regulate adaptive T cell immunity is not only possible but alsoendowed with an intrinsic fail-safe mechanism that limits the effect toantigen-activated CD8 T cells. Our data point to the fact that T cellsare permissive to internalization of regulatory RNA only during anantigen-driven immune response, i.e., antigen presentation andactivation by antigen presenting cells (dendritic cells). As such,methods provided herein can be used, e.g., as an adjuvant strategy todetermine the fate of T cells during, e.g., vaccination (19), torestrict the development of FoxP3⁺ T cells (30), and/or to modulateinflammation (31). In alternative embodiments, methods as providedherein are used therapeutically to treat, ameliorate or preventinflammatory conditions and autoimmune diseases (6).

In alternative embodiments, methods as provided herein are usedtherapeutically to manipulate miRNA “signatures” have been increasinglyassociated with various types of cancer, different stages oftumorigenesis and cancer prognosis (32-34). In alternative embodiments,methods as provided herein are used therapeutically to modulate miRNAsin cancer stems, e.g., modulate the overexpression of oncogenic miRNAs(“oncomirs”) caused by genomic deletion, mutation, epigenetic silencing,and/or miRNA processing alterations, or modulate the loss of suppressormiRNAs (reviewed in (35)).

As an initial proof of principle, we found that murine cancer cellstreated in vitro with a primary B lymphocyte supernatant containinganti-miR-150 molecules markedly down-regulate the levels of endogenousmiR-150 (FIG. S4). And while the mechanism of miRNA transmission tocancer cells needs to be further investigated, our findings suggest thatprimary B lymphocytes programmed for the synthesis and secretion ofshort non-coding RNAs may be used to target cancer cells to either (i)suppress oncomirs (36), or (ii) restore miRNAs that suppress oncogenesor metastases (37, 38). Similarly, the approach may be used to modulatethe tumor microenvironment by targeting miRNA that drive mutatoractivity (39) or promote the metastatic potential of cancer cells (40).

EVs have been implicated in the transfer of miRNAs and mRNAs as a novelmechanism of genetic exchange between cells (41). Many cell types canform and secrete EVs: B lymphocytes in particular have been the objectof two reports (42, 43). However, in one case the miRNA content of theEVs was not interrogated, and, in the other, B cells were infected withEpstein Barr virus. At variance, here we show that primary B lymphocytescan be programmed with plasmid DNA to form and secrete EVs containing acargo of anti-miR-150 molecules, and that these EVs apparently enableand mediate internalization by CD8 T cells (FIGS. 4C and D).Transmission by EVs likely protects the cargo, e.g., miRNA, from RNasedegradation, ensuring stability and providing for a mechanism to crossthe hydrophilic cell membrane. Whereas the exact mechanism of EVinternalization by activated CD8 T cells remains to be clarified,EV-encapsulation of miRNA by B lymphocytes may offer advantages oversoluble miRNA molecules that are also released by B lymphocytes.

In conclusion, we demonstrate that the methods and compositions asprovided herein are effective for programming primary B lymphocytes forthe synthesis and secretion of short, non-coding RNA molecules formiRNA-based therapies. Since autologous B lymphocytes transfected withplasmid DNA have already been used in humans in the context oftherapeutic vaccination (44), the new type of “immunogenomic therapy”exemplified here can undergo rapid clinical translation.

Materials and Methods

Mice. C57BL/6 mice were originally purchased from the JacksonLaboratories. TCR transgenic OT-I mice (C57BL/6: Thy 1.2^(k)) that arespecific for the SIINFEKL OVA peptide (26) were obtained from Dr.Stephen Hedrick (UCSD). TCR transgenic RAG^(−/−) F5 mice are specificfor the ASNENMDAM peptide of the nucleoprotein (NP) antigen of theinfluenza A virus (27) and were obtained from the National Institute ofHealth (Bethesda, Md.) courtesy of Dr. Jonathan Yewdell. All mice weremaintained in the animal facility of the UCSD Moores Cancer Center. Allanimals were handled in strict accordance with good animal practice asdefined by the relevant national and/or local animal welfare bodies, andall animal work was performed based on a protocol approved by theInstitutional Animal Subject Committee (UCSD No. S00023).

Plasmid DNA, microRNA, oligonucleotides and antigens. Plasmid DNAexpressing anti-miRNA150 (pCMV-MIR^(a150)) is a 6.2 kb vector (Origene;Rockville. Md.) into which an 82 bp insert, containing the codingsequence for the 22 bp corresponding to anti-miR-150 (FIG. 1A), wascloned using Sgf I and Mlu I restriction sites. The expression of theanti-miRNA precursor is driven by a CMV promoter (FIG. 1A). Syntheticanti-miR-150 and snoRNA202 was purchased from Integrated DNA Technology(IDT; Indiana). Gene-specific primers for mmu-miR-150, and anti-miR150,let-7a, and snoRNA202 (endogenous control) were purchased from AppliedBiosystems (ABI; Sunnyvale, Calif.). Ovalbumin (OVA) was purchased fromSigma (Grade II; Lot No. 20H0763).

Transfection procedures. Primary B lymphocytes were isolated by negativeselection (StemCell Tech) from the spleen of C57BL/6 or F5 mice, andwere transfected with plasmid pCMV-MIR^(a150) using the Amaxa Cell LineNucleofector Kit™ (Lonza). Briefly, 5×10⁶ cells were transfected with 2μg of plasmid DNA in the buffer solution provided by the manufacturer.After transfection, the cells were re-suspended in 2 mL of complete RPMImedium, plated on a 6-well tissue culture plate, and incubated a 37° C.in a 5% CO2 atmosphere. Untransfected B lymphocytes were plated and usedas a negative control. Transfected and negative control cells, and theirsupernatants, were harvested at the end of 18 hr culture, unlessotherwise specified, qRT-PCR. MicroRNA was extracted from the cellsusing either the RNAGEM Tissue PLUS™ (Zygem) or the mirVana PARIS Kit™(Life Technologies).

MicroRNA in supernatant samples were isolated using either the mirVANAPARIS Kit™ (Life Technologies) or the miRNeasy Serum/Plasma Kit™(Qiagen). cDNA was synthesized from the purified microRNA using the HighCapacity cDNA Synthesis Kit™ (Life Technologies) with snoRNA202,miR-150, let-7a, or anti-miR150 primers (ABI), qRT-PCR was performed onan ABI StepOne™ system using TaqMan™ reagents for 50 cycles usingvalidated FAM-labeled mouse snoRNA202, miR-150, anti-miR150, and let-7aTaqMan primer/probe sets (Life Technologies) under universal cyclingconditions. Target gene expression was normalized to snoRNA202, andanalyzed using the −ΔΔCt relative quantification method.

Relative quantification and copy number determination. To determine thecopy number of anti-miR-150, samples normalized at 100 ng cDNA/reactionwere run concomitantly with a standard curve constructed with knownamounts (100-0.01 ng) of anti-miR-150 cDNA. The endogenous controlstandard curve was constructed using known amounts (100-0.01 ng) ofsnoRNA202 cDNA. Let-7a total cDNA was similarly extracted, quantifiedand adjusted to 100 ng/μL. cDNA was generated with Applied Biosystems(ABI) let-7a (002478) and snoRNA202 (001232) specific reversetranscription primers. Samples were run in duplicate with anti-miR150and snoRNA202 FAM-labeled probe/primer sets. Relative expression wasdetermined by comparing untreated to experimental samples. In allinstances, the Ct value of the endogenous control was subtracted fromthe Ct value of target. Once the amount (ng) of specific target wasdetermined, the copy number present in each reaction was calculatedusing the following formula: (ng×6.0223×10²³)/(number ofnucleotides×1.0×10⁹×650) as indicated inhttp://www.uic.edu/depts/rrccgf/realtime/stdcurve.html.

BMDC Generation and CD8 T cell cross-priming in vitro. The preparationof bone marrow derived DC (BMDC) and the isolation of CD8 T cells bynegative selection (StemCell Tech) are described in (19). As indicatedBMDC were supplemented or not with heat-treated (63° C.×25 min) OVA (1mg/mL) for 16 hrs prior to adding naïve CD8⁺ T cells isolated fromspleen and lymph nodes cell of OT-I mice. The yield and purity oftransgenic OT-I CD8 T cells was determined by Vα2/CD8 positivity by flowcytometry, and was >90%. 2.5×10⁵Vα2⁺/CD8⁺ T cells were then co-culturedwith 10⁵ BMDC in complete RPMI medium or in complete RPMI mediumcontaining 50% v/v supernatant from pCMV-MIR^(a150)-transfected primaryB lymphocytes for 96 hrs. T cells were recovered from 96-hr co-culturesusing Lympholyte M™ (Cedar Lane), and analyzed by flow cytometry andqPCR.

In vivo studies. Six to 14 week old OT-I or F5 mice were injected i.p.with 5 mg heat-treated (63° C.×25 min) OVA according to (28).Twenty-four hrs later mice were injected i.v. with 10⁶ primary C57BL/6 Blymphocytes that had been negatively selected from a spleen cellsuspension and transfected with plasmid pCMV-MIR^(a150). B lymphocyteswere used within 1 hr from transfection. Mice were sacrificed after 48hrs (i.e., 3 days after OVA injection) and CD8⁺ T cells were negativelyselected from spleen and lymph nodes and analyzed as indicated in thetext.

Flow cytometry. Single cell suspensions of CD8+ T cells were stainedwith fluorophore-conjugated anti-CD8α (eBioscience, clone Ly-2),anti-CD69 (BD Biosciences, clone H12F3), anti-CD44 (BD Biosciences,clone IM7), and anti-Vα2 (BD Biosciences, clone B20.1) antibodies, orappropriate isotype controls. Viability was determined by 7-AADexclusion. Data were acquired on a FACSCalibur™ flow cytometer (BectonDickinson) and analyzed using CellQuest Prom™ (BD Biosciences) andFlowJo software (Tree Star).

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) Isolation: For the purpose of isolatingEVs, transfection experiments were performed in J558L mouse plasmacytomacells (45). Briefly, 5×10⁶ J558L cells were transfected using the LonzaAmaxa Cell Line Nucleofector Kit V™. Cells were transfected with plasmidpCMV-MIR^(a150) (2 μg). After transfection cells were placed in freshEV-depleted medium prepared by ultracentrifugation of RPMI supplementedwith 20% FBS at 120,000×g for 18 hours at 4° C. The medium was thendiluted to a final concentration of 10% FBS prior to use. TransfectedJ558L cells were cultured in EV-free RPMI at 37° C. for 96 hrs afterwhich the EV fraction was isolated by differential centrifugation.Briefly, conditioned media were first centrifuged at 2000×g for 20minutes to remove cellular debris. The supernatant was collected andfurther centrifuged at 10,000×g for 30 minutes. The resultantsupernatant was then transferred to ultracentrifuge tubes forultracentrifugation at 120,000×g for 2 hrs. The supernatant wasdiscarded and the EV pellets were re-suspended in PBS for storage at−80° C. prior to RNA isolation. All centrifugation steps were performedat 4° C.

Fluorescence microscopy study. To visualize the uptake of vesicles bycross-primed OT-1 CD8 T cells (FIG. 4), EVs were labeled with thefluorescent dye PKH67 (Sigma) according to manufacturer's protocol.Briefly, 4 μl of PKH67 was added to 1 ml of Diluent C and mixedthoroughly before the dye solution was combined with EVs that has beenresuspended in 1 ml of Diluent C. After gently mixing for 5 minutes, 2ml of 10% BSA was added to bind the excess dye. Labeled EVs werepelleted and washed with PBS by ultracentrifugation at 120,000×g for 2hours at 4° C. Freshly-prepared PKH67-labeled EVs were added toco-cultures of BMDC and OT-I CD8 T cells on day 1 using 50 μl of EVs in1 mL of standard culture medium. Co-cultures grown in 1 ml of the120,000×g EV-free spin supernatant served as controls. In bothinstances, CD8 T cells were harvested on day 4 as detailed above andcentrifuged onto a glass slide using a CytoSpin 2 centrifuge (Shandon)and mounted using ProLong Gold antifade reagent with DAPI (Invitrogen).Slides were analyzed on a BZ-9000™ Biorevo fluorescence microscope(Keyence Corporation of America).

Statistical methods to analyzed the data included: Unpaired, two-tailedt test, non-parametric, Mann-Whitney test. Significance is reported as:*P<0.05. **P<0.01, ***P<0.001.

TABLE 1 Quantification of EV translocation efficiency to cross-primedCD8 T cells.: OT-I CD8 T cells were cross-primed in the presence ofPKH67-labeled extracellular vesicles (EVs). The extent of successful EVtranslocation was quantified by enumerating the percentage of DAPIpositive cells containing punctate green fluorescent foci and the numberof foci per positive cell. No cross-priming + Cross-priming + EVs EVs EVPositive Cells 0% 47% (n = 75) EVs/cell 0 50

FIG. 1. Structure of pCMV-MIR^(a150) and secretion of anti-miR-150 byprimary B lymphocytes transfected with pCMV-MIR^(a150). (A) Schematicmap of pCMV-MIR^(a150) and anti-miR-150 coding sequence and transcript.(B) Intracellular anti-miR-150 detection (copy number/cell) in primary Blymphocytes transfected with pCMV-MIR^(a150) harvested 18 hrs aftertransfection. (C) Secreted anti-miR-150 (copy number/cell) based ondetection in culture supernatants harvested 18 hrs after transfection.Data points refer to single independent experiments.

FIG. 2. Anti-miR-150 secreted by transfected primary B lymphocytes areinternalized by CD8 T cells during cross-priming in vitro. (A) Scheme ofexperimental design of in vitro T cell cross-priming. (B) Flow cytometryanalysis showing that in vitro cross-primed CD8 T cells express CD69 andCD44 activation markers. (C) Detection of anti-miR-150 content (copynumber/cell) in purified CD8 T lymphocytes cross-primed in the presenceof supernatant from primary B lymphocytes transfected withpCMV-MIR^(a150). CD8 T cells cross-primed without addition oftransfected primary B lymphocyte supernatant or CD8 T cells fromBMDC-CD8 T cell co-cultures without OVA (BMDC+OT-I CD8+B Sup) to whichthe supernatant of primary B lymphocytes transfected withpCMV-MIR^(a150) was added, served as controls. Dots refer to singleindependent experiments. (D) Fold modulation (RQ) of endogenous miR-150in CD8 T cells of corresponding cultures.

FIG. 4. Isolation of anti-miR-150 activity in EVs and EV visualizationinside CD8 T cells after cross-priming in vitro. (A) Schematic of invitro production and isolation of EVs from J558L cells transfected withpCMV-MIR^(a150). (B) Detection of anti-miR-150 in the 120K EV-freesupernatant and in the EV-rich pellet of J558L cells after short term(96 hrs) transfection with pCMV-MIR^(a150). Results are expressed asfold modulation and refer to the results of two independent experiments(mean±SEM). (C) Fold modulation of anti-miR-150 inside in vitrocross-primed CD8 T cells, and appropriate controls, with or withoutaddition of the 120K EV-free supernatant or EV-rich ultracentrifugationpellet. Results refer to two independent experiments (mean±SEM). (D)Fluorescence microscopy analysis of CD8 T cells cross-primed in vitro inthe presence of PKH67-labeled EVs (left panel), or co-cultured withdendritic cells without OVA (no cross-priming) but in the presence ofPKH67-labeled EVs (right panel). Magnification: 20×, left panel and 10×right panel.

FIG. 5 illustrates: Anti-miR-150 is not amplified from plasmidpCMV-MIR^(a150), qRT-PCR was performed as described in Material andMethods using anti-miR-150 primers (ABI). Anti-miR-150 amplification isexpressed as the ratio between the fluorescence intensity of thereporter dye (FAM) and that of the passive reference dye (ROX) used fornormalization, according to manufacturer's guidelines. Values above thedetection threshold indicate amplification of the target sequence,whereas values below the detection threshold imply lack of amplificationof the target sequence. The test reflects 30 standard cycles including adenaturing step at 95° C. and an annealing/extension step at 60° C.pNV2=approximately 15 Kb plasmid coding for a full length chimericimmunoglobulin heavy chain gene modified in the CDR2 by insertion of thesequence (NANP-NVDP-NANP). See e.g., Xiong S. et al., Engineeringvaccines with heterologous B and T cell epitopes using immunoglobulingenes, Nature Biotech 15:882-886, 1997. NTC=Non template control.

FIG. 6. Downregulation of endogenous miR-150 in murine tumor cellstreated with the supernatant of J558L cells transfected withpCMV-MIR^(a150). Murine melanoma (B10.F10), lung (LLC) and prostate(TC1) tumor cells, were cultured in a 24-well plate for 48 hrs in RPMImedium containing 1 ml supernatant of J558L cells transfected withpCMV-MIR^(a150) or the supernatant of untransfected J558L cells as acontrol. Results represent two experiments.

Example 2: High Efficiency Generation of Multiple Short Noncoding RNA inB Cells and B Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles

This example demonstrates and exemplary protocol for the high efficiencygeneration of multiple short noncoding RNA in B cells and B cell-derivedextracellular vesicles. In this example, it is demonstrated that B cellscan be programmed for the enforced biogenesis and synchronous release ofmultiple sncRNAs. Data provided herein shows that this goal is feasibleand that multiple sncRNA are released in the extracellular compartmentin amounts comparable to those from B cells programmed to express andsecrete one scnRNA only.

Furthermore, we found that the cargo of extracellular vesicles (EVs)isolated from programmed B cells is remarkably enriched for multiplesncRNAs. On average, we found that the content of multiple sncRNAs inEVs is 3.6 copy numberiEV. Collectively, we demonstrate that bypracticing the embodiments provided herein B cells can be easilyprogrammed toward the synthesis and release of multiple sncRNAs,including sncRNA-laden EVs, efficiently and specifically.

Provided herein are systems for the synthesis and delivery of short,non-coding RNAs for therapeutic purposes. In alternative embodiments,these new exemplary approaches comprise use of autologous primary Blymphocytes that can be programmed by transfection with suitablyengineered plasmid DNA to the biogenesis and release of sort noncoding(snc)RNA molecules¹². SncRNAs are secreted in 24 hrs, both as freemolecules and cargo in extracellular vesicles (EVs). EVs were furthershown to undergo in vitro and in vivo internalization by third partycells, causing marked (approximately 70%) target down-regulation.

Reasoning that in many clinical situations a multi-pronged sncRNAapproach would be desirable, here we tested the possibility ofprogramming B cells simultaneously for biogenesis and secretion ofmultiple sncRNAs, including their release as EV cargo. In recent yearsonly few reports demonstrated the expression of multiple sncRNAs incells using either a retrovirus or plasmid DNA¹³⁻¹⁵, but no attemptswere made to assess the release of the sncRNAs in the extracellularcompartment or their inclusion in EVs. Results provided here show that Bcells transfected with plasmid DNA carrying the nucleotide sequence ofmultiple sncRNA in tandem undergo the simultaneous biogenesis andsecretion of multiple sncRNA, including their release and incorporationin EVs, at high efficiency and specifically.

Results

Engineering Plasmids Comprising Nucleotide Sequences of Multiple sncRNAs

We previously showed that primary murine B lymphocytes and model murineB cells transfected with plasmid DNA pCMVmir carrying the nucleotidesequence of anti-miR-150, are reproducibly programmed for the synthesisand secretion of anti-miR-150¹². Here we verified that B cells can beprogrammed for the synthesis and secretion of multiple sncRNAssimultaneously. To this end, we prepared a panel of 5 DNA plasmids eachcomprising either one or two sncRNA nucleotide sequences for theirprecursor miR (pre-miR) stem loop. As a model system we used miR-150,miR-155, and anti-miR-155, which are relevant to the regulation of Tcell memory¹⁶.

Specifically, we generated two plasmids, one carrying in tandem miR-150and miR-155: the other carrying in tandem miR-150 and anti-miR-155.Plasmids carrying miR-150, miR-155, and anti-miR-155 alone served asreference. The precursor stem loop for each pre-miR sncRNA and finalindividual plasmids bearing precursor sncRNAs as single or tandemelements are illustrated in FIG. 7.

Synchronous Intracellular Expression of Two Short Noncoding RNA

We probed intracellular sncRNA expression in murine J558L myeloma cellstransfected by Amaxa electroporation and cultured for 48 hrs aftertransfection. Total RNA was extracted and tested by RT-qPCR as describedin Material and Methods. The expression of miR-150 and miR-155 in J558cells transfected with pCMVmir carrying the two sncRNAs in tandem(combo) was comparable to that of J558L cells transfected with pCMVmircarrying only one of the corresponding sncRNAs (FIG. 8).

Similarly, the expression of miR-150 and anti-miR-155 in J558L cellstransfected with pCMVmir carrying these two sncRNA in tandem wascomparable to that of J558L cells transfected with pCMVmir carrying onlyone of the corresponding sncRNAs (FIG. 9). These results show,therefore, no obvious loss of efficiency in the biogenesis andexpression of sncRNA in B cells programmed using a plasmid carryingnucleotide sequences for multiple sncRNAs.

Synchronous Release of Multiple sncRNAs in the Extracellular Compartment

A distinctive feature of our system is that B cells transfected with asingle sncRNA-carrying plasmid are very efficient at the release of thesncRNA in the extracellular compartment at levels that, on a permolecule basis, are markedly higher than in the intracellularcompartment. Since a 7AAD analysis of J558L cells day 2 or aftertransfection failed to show any appreciable increase of cell deathrelative to control cells, the results support an active exportmechanism¹². Here we verified whether this principle would also apply toB cells programmed for tandem sncRNA expression. The levels of miR-150and miR-155 were markedly and specifically enriched in the culturemedium compared to the intracellular compartment in amounts comparableto those from B cells transfected with a single miRNA nucleotidesequence borne on an individual plasmid (FIG. 13A). Likewise, when Bcells were transfected with the plasmid carrying the nucleotide sequenceof miR-150 and anti-miR-155 in tandem, they secreted each sncRNA in arange comparable to that of B cells transfected with the plasmidcarrying the nucleotide sequence of either miR-150 or anti-miR-155,respectively (FIG. 13B). Together these results validate the notion thatB cells are very efficient at the extracellular export ofnewly-expressed sncRNAs leading to their rapid extracellularaccumulation.

sncRNAs are Enriched in EVs

A second and important feature of B cells undergoing enforced expressionand release of sncRNA molecules is that sncRNAs are packaged in EVs¹².Here we interrogated the efficiency at which this event occurs bydetermining whether two sncRNAs synthesized and released synchronouslyare apportioned equally in EVs, and by estimating the copy number/EV ofthe sncRNA cargo in different conditions.

EVs isolated from J558L cells cultured for 48 hrs after transfection inmedium containing normal fetal calf serum showed a high content ofsncRNAs. The RQ values for miR-155 were markedly elevated in EVsreleased by B cells transfected with a plasmid carrying one scnRNA andonly slightly decreased in EVs released by B cells transfected with aplasmid carrying two sncRNAs (FIG. 14). At variance, the RQ values formiR-150 in EVs from B cells transfected with a plasmid carrying twosncRNAs were reduced (90 vs 3298 RQ) compared to reference EVs from Bcells transfected with a single sncRNA plasmid.

To obtain a more accurate estimate of the sncRNA content in EVs,experiments were repeated by analyzing the sncRNA content of EVsproduced by programmed J558L cells cultured for 48 hrs incommercially-available exosome-depleted medium. EVs were isolated andcounted as described in Material and Methods. Their average size rangedbetween 101 and 111 nm in EVs from J558L transfectants vs. 106 nm in EVsfrom sham transfected J558L cells with minimal dispersity. Their sncRNAcontent assayed and quantified by RT-qPCR. From a total of 10¹¹EVs/sample reconstituted to 200 μl we extracted 0.3 mg/ml and 0.2 mg/ml,respectively, suggesting that there is no substantial bias introduced bythe transfection in the generation and protein content of EVs.Interestingly, the tetraspanin CD63, which is expressed in exosomes, isexpressed in EVs released by B cells transfected with a plasmid carryingtwo sncRNAs in relatively higher amounts than in EVs isolated fromuntransfected B cells (FIG. 15), suggesting a selective enrichmentduring the enforced sncRNA biogenesis, and EVs formation and release.

Next we determined the copy number of each sncRNA in EVs. FIG. 16 showsthat each EV contains, on average, 3.6 copies of predeterminedindividual sncRNAs. Remarkably, we found comparable sncRNA copy numbersin EVs from B cells programmed with dual or single sncRNA plasmid. Whencompared to the constitutive content of miR-150 and miR-155 in EVs fromsham-transfected J558L cells, the copy number was 15 and 25 fold higher,respectively. A copy number quantitation in EVs produced inexosome-depleted medium yielded on average a 30% to 500% increase, aresult accounting for the decrease in B cell-derived EVs by exosomescontained in commercial fetal calf serum (data not shown). Finally, wefound that sncRNA generated in tandem are effective at decreasing(approximately 30%) target miRNA or at increasing cellular sncRNAcontent in transfected J558L cells.

Discussion

We demonstrate that B cells can be efficiently programmed for thesynchronous biogenesis and secretion of multiple predetermined scnRNAs.We also found that that the effective extracellular concentration ofsncRNAs expressed in tandem in B cells is markedly higher than in theintracellular compartment. Finally, we show that EVs released by B cellsprogrammed for the synchronous biogenesis and secretion of multiplepredetermined scnRNAs are markedly enriched in sncRNA content.

Clinical applications of miRNA-based regulation of gene expression anddisease may require the combined expression of multiple sncRNAs fortherapeutic results. This can involve administering two or more miRNAsor a mixture of miRNAs, and anti-miRNAs. For example, miR-150 andmiR-155 exist in B and T lymphocytes in reciprocal balancingregulation^(16, 17), necessitating a bimodal regulation. A multiprongedapproach may apply to other situations. For instance, two miRNAs may bean efficient method to target extracellular metabolic energetics andblock cancer progression¹⁸. Likewise, a multipronged miRNA-basedapproach may be necessary to simultaneously target complementaryfunctions in cancer cells such as self-renewal and pluripotency¹⁹, andtranslation initiation²⁰. Our data clearly show that that this goal isattainable, in principle, using B cells transfected with plasmid DNApurposely engineered for a multipronged effect. Since B cellstransfected with plasmid DNA have already been used in a Phase 1 trial²¹showing no toxicity²², B cells programmed to secrete and release sncRNAsmay be readily exploited for clinical translation. In addition topossessing a formidable and rapidly adjustable synthetic machinery, Bcells are capable of miRNA biogenesis^(23,24) and exosomesproduction^(25, 26)

Small (30-100 nm) micro-vesicles, exosomes, have surged to relevance asimportant inter-cellular messengers^(27, 28). EVs are released by Blymphocytes²⁶, T lymphocytes^(29,30), dendritic cells^(31,32) and bonemarrow derived mesenchymal stem cells³³. Exosomes also play a relevantrole in cancer as intercellular messengers^(34,35) modulating cancercells growth and metastasis³⁶⁻³⁸, promoting therapy resistance^(39,40)and orchestrating immune suppression⁴¹.

Exosomes are also regarded as vehicle for targeted gene therapy⁴² andcancer therapies⁴³. However, the future of exosomes in therapeuticsettings depends a priori on the efficiency with which a predeterminedsncRNA cargo can be loaded onto exosomes during biogenesis. This hasbeen found to vary depending on the cell type and the methods togenerate the sncRNA cargo⁴³. Of particular interest is a recentquantitative analysis to determine the stoichiometric relation betweenexosomes and their sncRNA content⁴⁴. The study found that, regardless ofthe cell of origin, natural exosomes contain far less than 1 molecule ofa given miRNA per exosome, even for the most abundant exosomepreparations. This argues that spontaneously generated exosomes obey toa low occupancylow miRNA concentration rule⁴⁴, possibly the consequenceof poor efficiency in either biogenesis or EV packaging. Our resultsshow instead that the enforced and synchronous expression of multiplepredetermined sncRNA in B cells yields EVs much enriched for thesesncRNAs. We calculated that EVs released by programmed B cells contain,on average, 3.6 copies of specific scnRNA irrespective of whether theoriginating B cells had been transfected with a dual or a single sncRNAplasmid. Thus, EVs released form programmed B cells are many foldenriched in predetermined sncRNAs over the content of miRNA in naturalexosomes⁴⁴, a fact mirrored here by the 15-25-fold increase in copynumber for miR-150 and miR-155 relative to the constitutive content ofEVs from sham transfected J558L cells used as control. Since naturallyexosomes carry a highly variable miRNA cargo with low content inspecific sncRNA⁴⁵, our method appears to resolve this potential problemin generation and production of EVs for therapeutic application.Importantly, we found that sncRNA generated in tandem are effective atregulating target miRNA or at increasing cellular sncRNA content intarget cells as prerequisite for sncRNA therapeutic intervention.

The present demonstration relates to the mechanism of sncRNA cargogeneration in vesicles destined to extracellular export. It is knownthat upon biogenesis sncRNA are packaged in late endosome multivesicularbodies (MVBs)⁴⁶. A recent report showed that the artificialoverexpression of a miRNA enriched its content in MVBs, and subsequentlyin exosomes, and is inversely proportional to the overexpression ofmiRNA target sequences⁴⁷ that can serve as a miRNA negative regulatoryelement by providing complementary binding sites⁴⁸. Thus, sncRNA sortingto EVs may reflect the ability of the cell to dispose of sncRNA inexcess of their RNA cellular target. Accordingly, the production ofsncRNA is expected to vary in different cell types. Although the exactmechanism of biogenesis and cargo packaging in our system remains to beelucidated, our study demonstrates that the rate of enforced biogenesisin B cells is sufficient to outperform the ability of the cell to bufferthe rate at which artificially expressed sncRNA are enriched in EVs.

In conclusion, we demonstrate that it is possible to program B cells forthe enforced biogenesis and release of multiple predetermined sncRNAs.The approach yields a greater sncRNA concentration in the extracellularthat in the intracellular compartment suggesting an active transportmechanism. We also show that programmed B cells release EVs with highcopy number in predetermined sncRNAs. Collectively, B cells programmedfor the synchronous expression and secretion of multiple sncRNAs appearto be a viable candidate for multipronged translational applications tocontrol disease or regulate immunity, and a step forward in the processof optimization and control in the production of EVs for miRNA-basedtherapies.

Materials and Methods

Plasmid Constructs

Dual miRNA constructs containing miR-150/miR-155 andmiR-150/anti-miR-155 were synthesized with unique ends SgfI/XhoI byIntegrated DNA Technologies (IDT, Coralville, Iowa). Constructs werecloned into the pCMVmir (Origene, Rockville, Md.) expression vector bydigesting with SgfI and XhoI, and subsequent ligation of the insert intothe pCMVmir vector. The ligation mixture was transformed into DH5αcompetent cells. Transformed cells were plated, and clones were selectedand grown overnight at 37° C. DNA was extracted with Promega Wizard PlusSV Minipreps DNA Purification System (Promega, Madison Wis.). Theresultant plasmids were termed pCMV mir150+mir155 and pCMVmir150+mirα155. The clone inserts were verified via sequencing andstored at −20° C. until transfection. Single miRNA constructs containingmiR-150 or miR-155 were generated through excision from the dual miRNAconstructs by digestion and ligation using unique restriction sites(SgfI-MluI or NotI-XhoI) within the minigene to yield pCMV miR-150, pCMVmiR-155, and pCMV anti-miR-155, respectively. The correctness of eachplasmid construct was verified by sequencing.Cell Culture and TransfectionJ558L mouse B cell myeloma cells were grown in suspension in cRPMI with10% fetal bovine serum (FBS). Cells were grown to 80% confluence. 2×10⁶cells were transfected with 1 μg of pCMVmiR plasmid utilizing the LonzaVACA-1003 transfection kit V and Nuclefector 2b device (Lonza,Walkersville, Md.). Cells were allowed to recover in a T25 flask uprightat 37° C. with 5% CO₂ for 48 hrs. In experiments in which sncRNA copynumber was determined transfected B cells were cultured in EXO-FBS-50A-1exosome-depleted FBS (Exo-FBS, Systems Biosciences, Mountain View,Calif.).EV Isolation48 hrs post-transfection 200 μL of culture supernatant were collectedand incubated with 200 μL of Total Exosome Isolation solution (LifeTechnologies, Carlsbad, Calif.) at room temperature for 1 hour. The EVcontaining mixture was spun at 16,000 RPM at 4° C. for 1 hr. Theresultant EV pellet was resuspended in 50 μL of PBS at room temperatureand stored in 1.5 mL Eppendorf tubes at −20° C. until use. EVs isolatedfrom untransfected or sham transfected (electroporated only) J558L cellsserved as a control.Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis

The number of vesicles recovered was determined by Nanoparticle TrackingAnalysis (NTA) on a NanoSight LM-10 OHS equipped with a 405 nm laser(NanoSight, Wiltshire, UK) that was calibrated with polystyrene latexmicrobeads at 100 nm and 200 nm prior to analysis. Resuspended vesicleswere diluted 1:50 with PBS to achieve between 20-100 objects per frame.EVs were manually injected into the sample chamber at ambienttemperature. Each sample was measured in triplicate at camera setting 14with acquisition time of 30 s and detection threshold setting of 7. Atleast 200 completed tracks were analyzed per video. The NTA analyticalsoftware version 2.3 was used for capturing and analyzing the data.

Western Blot

EVs were lysed in RIPA (1% NP40, 0.5% de-oxycholate, 0.1% SDS in TBS).Protein concentration was determined by NanoDrop spectrophotometer. 15μg of proteins of each sample were separated in 4-20%acrylamide/bisacrylamide gel and transferred to a polyvinylidenedifluoride membrane using Bio-Rad Trans Blot Turbo system 3 min.mini-TGX protocol. After washing in TBST, the membrane was incubatedwith an anti-CD63 monoclonal antibody (5 μgml⁻¹) (abcam) (the kind giftof Dr. Johnny Akers) overnight at 4 C on a rocker. After washing in TBSTthe bound antibody was revealed using goat antibodies to mouse Igconjugated to horseradish peroxidase (HRP) (5 μgml⁻¹) (Bio-Rad). Theblot was developed with ECL chemiluminescent substrate and exposed toX-ray film for 3 minutes.RNA Extraction5×10⁵ transfected or untransfected J558L cells, and 1 mL of culturesupernatant, were collected for RNA extraction using ZYGEM RNAtissuePlus System™ (Zygem, Hamilton, NZ) according to the manufacturer'sprotocol. RNA from cell supernatant (200 μL) was extracted with theQiagen miRNeasy Serum/Plasma kit following the manufacturer's protocol.EVs extraction was performed using the ZYGEM RNAtissue Plus System.Small RNA Taqman™cDNA was generated from intracellular, extracellular and exosome miRNAwith Taqman small RNA assays. Input RNA was normalized to 100 ng/samplefor intracellular and exosome RNA, and to 25 ng/sample for extracellularmiRNA. Taqman MicroRNA Reverse Transcription Kit was utilized for allsamples per manufacturer's instructions. Cycling conditions for qPCRwere: 40 cycles, 96° C. denature 30 secs, 60° C. anneal/extension 30secs. Results are expressed as RQ (Relative quantity of sample) that wascalculated using the formula: Relative Quantity_(target)=E_(target) (Cq(control)−Cq (treatment)). Abbreviations: E=Efficiency of primer set;C_(q) (control)=Average C_(q) for the control or untreated sample; C_(q)(treatment)=Average C_(q) for treated sample; Target=The gene ofinterest or reference gene.

Copy Number Determination

To determine the copy number of miR-150, miR-155 and anti-miR-150,samples normalized at 100 ng cDNA/reaction were run concomitantly with astandard curve constructed with known amounts (100-0.01 ng) of eachshort noncoding RNA cDNA. The endogenous control standard curve wasconstructed using known amounts (100-0.01 ng) of snoRNA202 cDNA of allthe targets (Applied Biosystems snoRNA202—assay No. 001232—specificreverse transcription primers). Samples were run in duplicate. Relativeexpression was determined by the Ct value of test samples vs. theendogenous control. Once the amount (ng) of specific target wasdetermined, the copy number present in each reaction was calculatedusing the following formula: (ng×6.0223×10²³)/(number ofnucleotides×1.0×10⁹×650).

Figure Legends

FIG. 7C illustrate a schematic representation of plasmids used in thestudy of Example 1: FIG. 7A: the pre-mir nucleotide sequence of miR-150,miR-155 and anti-miR-155; FIG. 7B: schematic view of pCMVmiR-150-miR-155: FIG. 7C, schematic view of pCMV mir-150-anti-miR-155:

FIG. 7A shows the primer nucleotide sequence of:

miR-150 (SEQ ID NO: 5) CCCUGUCUCCCAACCCUUGUACCAGUGCUGUGCCUCAGACCCUGGUACAGGCCUGGGGGAUAGGG, miR-155 (SEQ ID NO: 6)CUGUUAAUGCUAAUUGUGAUAGGGGUUUUGGCCUCUGACUGACUCCUA CCUGUUAGCAUUAACAG, andanti-miR-155 (SEQ ID NO: 7) CUGACCCCUAUCACAAUUAGCAUUAAUUUGGCCUCUGACUGACUCCUACCUGUUAGCAUUAACAG;

FIG. 7B is a schematic view of the plasmid containing pCMV miR-150,having the sequence TCTCCCAACCCTTGTACCAGT (SEQ ID NO:8), and anti-(shownas “a”)-miR-155, having the sequence TTAATGCTAATTGTGATAGGGGT (SEQ IDNO:9); and,

FIG. 7C is a schematic view of the plasmid containing pCMV mir-150 (SEQID NO:8) and anti-miR-155, having the sequence

ACCCCTATCACAATTAGCATTAA. (SEQ ID NO: 10)

FIGS. 8 and 9 graphically illustrates data showing that is possible totransfect B cells with a plasmid coding for a miRNA and an anti-miRNAand get biogenesis (FIG. 8) and expression (FIG. 9):

FIG. 8 Detection of mir-150 and anti-miR-155 in B cells (J558L cells)transfected with a single plasmid DNA, where J558L cells weretransfected with plasmid DNA encompassing the coding sequence formiR-150 alone, anti-miR-155 alone, or the combination of both (combo),where the data shows that B cells can be programmed for the expressionof two short noncoding RNAs. Cells were harvested 36 hrs aftertransfection and total RNA was extracted by the Zygem kit. cDNA wasgenerated using RT-specific primers using LIFETECH™ microRNA assay kit.Samples were pre-amplified and then subject to RT-qPCR amplificationusing RT-specific primers. Results refer to the mean±SD of twoindependent transfection experiments.

FIG. 9 Detection of mir-150 and anti-miR-155 in B cells (J558L cells)transfected with a single plasmid DNA, where J558L cells weretransfected with plasmid DNA encompassing the coding sequence formiR-150 alone, anti-miR-155 alone, or the combination of both (combo),where the data shows that B cells can be programmed for the expressionof two short noncoding RNAs. The supernatants were harvested 36 hrsafter transfection and total RNA was extracted by the MIRNEASY™(miRNeasy) kit. cDNA was generated using RT-specific primers usingLIFETECH™ microRNA assay kit. Samples were pre-amplified and thensubject to RT-qPCR amplification using RT-specific primers. Resultsrefer to the mean±SD of two independent transfection experiments.

FIG. 10 Detection of mir-150 and anti-miR-155 in the supernatant ofprogrammed J558L cells transfected with a single plasmid DNA, whereJ558L were transfected with a single plasmid DNA, where J558L cells weretransfected with plasmid DNA encompassing the coding sequence formiR-150 alone, anti-miR-155 alone, or the combination of both (combo),where the data shows that the supernatant of B cells can be programmedfor the biogenesis of two short non-coding RNAs. The supernatant washarvested 36 hrs after transfection and total RNA extracted by the Zygemkit. cDNA was generated using RT-specific primers using LifetechmicroRNA assay kit. Samples were pre-amplified and then subject toRT-qPCR amplification using RT-specific primers. Results refer to themean±SD of two independent transfection experiments.

FIG. 11 Detection of mir-150 and anti-miR-155 in the supernatant ofprogrammed J558L cells transfected with a single plasmid DNA, whereJ558L cells were transfected with plasmid DNA encompassing the codingsequence for miR-150 alone, anti-miR-155 alone, or miR-150 andanti-miR-155 alone (combo), where the data shows that the supernatant ofB cells can be programmed for the biogenesis of two short non-codingRNAs. The supernatant was harvested 36 hrs after transfection and totalRNA extracted by the Zygem kit. cDNA was generated using RT-specificprimers using Lifetech microRNA assay kit. Samples were pre-amplifiedand then subject to RT-qPCR amplification using RT-specific primers.Results refer to the mean±SD of two independent transfectionexperiments.

FIG. 12 Detection of mir-150 and anti-miR-155 in EVs released by B cells(J558L cells) transfected with a single plasmid DNA coding for miR-150alone, miR-155 alone, or two miR-150 (combo), where the data shows miRNA(mirR) enrichment in EVs released by B cells programmed with two shortnon-coding RNAs. 48 hrs after transfection and culture in completemedium containing non exosome-depleted fetal calf serum. Total RNA wasextracted by the Zygem kit. cDNA was generated using RT-specific primersusing Lifetech microRNA assay kit. Samples were pre-amplified and thensubject to RT-qPCR amplification using RT-specific primers. Resultsrefer to the mean±SD of two independent transfection experiments.

FIG. 13 Detection of mir-150 and anti-miR-155 in EVs released by B cells(J558L cells) transfected with a single plasmid DNA coding for miR-150alone, miR-155 alone, or miR-150 and anti-miR-155 alone (combo), wherethe data shows miRNA (mirR) enrichment in EVs released by B cellsprogrammed with two short non-coding RNAs. 48 hrs after transfection andculture in complete medium containing non-exosome-depleted fetal calfserum. Total RNA was extracted by the Zygem kit. cDNA was generatedusing RT-specific primers using Lifetech microRNA assay kit. Sampleswere pre-amplified and then subject to RT-qPCR amplification usingRT-specific primers. Results refer to the mean±SD of two independenttransfection experiments.

FIG. 14. Copy number/EV quantitation of mir-150 and anti-miR-155 in EVsproduced by programmed J558L cells. EVs were isolated from thesupernatant of J558L cells transfected with a plasmid coding for miR-150alone, miR-155 alone, or the combination of both (combo) 48 hrs aftertransfection and culture in complete medium containing exosome-depletedfetal calf serum. After total RNA extraction and cDNA generation sampleswere pre-amplified and then subject to RT-qPCR amplification usingRT-specific primers. Copy number/EV were calculated as described inmaterial and Methods. ST=Sham transfected. Results refer to the mean±SDof two replicate samples. Representative of two experiments withcomparable results.

FIG. 22. EVs produced by programmed J558L cells express CD63. EVs fromJ558L transfected with mir-150 and anti-miR-155 or untransfectd(control) were processed for Western blot analysis as described inMaterial and Methods and probed with an antibody to CD63. Theapproximate m.w. was determined using a m.w. ladder (not shown).

Example 3: Extracellular Vesicles Induced in B Cells to Contain miR-335Control Triple Negative Human Breast Cancer Cells in ImmunodeficientMice

This example demonstrates that methods and compositions as providedherein can be used to treat or ameliorate triple negative human breastcancer. We demonstrated that iEVs programmed to contain miR-335 candeliver their cargo to LM2 cells, modulate target mRNA expression invitro and in vivo, and greatly reduce the growth of LM2 cells asorthotopic tumors in immune deficient NSG mice.

Results

A Plasmid Expressing miR-335 Doublets in B Cells

We reasoned that restoring miR-335 content in LM2 cells would be bestachieved by transfecting B cells with a plasmid engineered with twomiR-335 precursor stem loops (Almanza and Zanetti, 2015). To this end,we engineered pCMVmir carrying two pre-miR-335 stem loops in tandem witha nucleotide linker. Previous studies from this laboratory showed thatthe cargo of iEVs can be enriched to contain at least two distinctscnRNAs of predetermined specificity.

We then quantified miR-335 expression levels in the murine myeloma cellline J558L after transfection, and compared them with those in J558Lcells transfected with a pCMVmir coding for one pre-miR-335 stem looponly. As shown on FIG. 15, miR-335 content (copy number/EV) in iEVs wasconsiderably greater (approximately 5 folds) when J558L cells had beentransfected with the plasmid carrying the miR-335 doublet compared toiEVs from J558L cells transfected with a single pre-miR-335 stem loopplasmid. Therefore, all subsequent experiments were performed using apCMVmir carrying two miR-335 stem loops.

Effects of iEVs Containing miR-335 on LM2 Cells In Vitro

We determined uptake and miR-335 content in LM2 cells incubated in vitrofor 48 hrs with iEVs³³⁵ over a range of iEVs:LM2 cell ratios (4×10²⁻10⁴:LM2 cell) in order to establish the minimum threshold for effectiverestoration of miR-335 content in target LM2 cells. An increase in copynumber followed a dose response curve, with a >4 folds increase overuntreated LM2 cells at the 10³ dose, see FIG. 16. To see ifinternalization was also followed by intracellular release of cargomiR-335, we sought the effect on two miR-335 targets, SOX4 and tenascinC (TNC), as previously reported by Tavazoie et al. (Tavazoie et al.,2008). As shown in FIG. 17, restoration of miR-335 in LM2 cells wasassociated with a dose dependent reduction in SOX4 messenger RNAexpression. The reduction of TNC expression was less pronounced. Twocontrol mRNAs, β-Catenin (CTNNB1) and TERT, which are constitutivelyexpressed in cancer cells, were unaffected, suggesting that the effecton SOX4 was specific FIG. 18. Collectively, iEVs spontaneouslyinternalized into LM2 cells release their cargo miR-335, whicheffectively modulates its targets, SOX4 in particular.

Incubation of LM2 cells with iEVs³³⁵ did not cause a loss in cellviability since this was constant throughout the observation periodalbeit reduced relative to untreated or sham iEVs treated LM2 cultures,see FIG. 19.

Orthotopic Tumor Suppression In Vivo

The ability of iEVs³³⁵ to control LM2 tumorigenicity was tested in amodel of orthotopic implantation. Briefly, LM2 cells were pretreated byincubation with 4×10⁴ fold excess: iEVs³³⁵, or control iEVs, for 48hours to allow for their uptake/internalization and release of miR-335.Mice were then injected in the fat pad with 4×10⁵ LM2 cells. They wereimaged on day 45 and 60, at which point they were sacrificed. On day 45(4 out of 6 control mice (no pretreatment) and 5 out of 5 mice injectedwith LM2 cells pretreated with control iEVs had detectable tumors (notshown). In contrast only 4 out of 9 mice implanted with LM2 cellspretreated with iEVs-335 had developed tumors. On day 60, all controlmice including those implanted with untreated LM2 cells alone as well asthose implanted with LM2 cells pretreated with control iEVs, haddetectable tumors. Among the test group 6 out of 9 mice were confirmedto have a tumor detected by in vivo imaging but all the tumors weresmaller than tumors of mice implanted with LM2 cells treated with shamtransfected iEVs FIG. 20A. At sacrificed (day 60) tumors were excised,measured by caliper and weighed. As illustrated in FIGS. 20B-C, theaverage tumor size (mm) was 1,682±250 in the 6 mice given LM2 cellsalone and 1.896±479 in control iEV-treated LM2 cells. In contrast, asillustrated in FIG. 13B, the average size for the four tumors treatedwith iEVs³³ was 7.2±9.8. Likewise, the average weight (gr), asillustrated in FIG. 13C, was 1.3±0.6 in the 6 mice given LM2 cells aloneand 2.3±1.2 for tumors from control iEV-treated LM2 cells. The averagesize of the tumors treated with iEVs³³⁵ was 0.16±0.18. Thus,pretreatment of LM2 cells with iEVs—dramatically reduced tumor growth invivo.

Next, we measured the levels of miR-335 in tumors excised at sacrificeto see if the effect was associated with a higher levels of miR-335 intumors in which miR-335 content was restored therapeutically.Remarkably, the endogenous values for miR-335 were 1.0±0.06 for the 6control mice and 0.8±0.02 for tumors treated with control iEVs, whereasthey were significantly higher (4.7±0.7) in the four tumors borne of LM2cells pretreated with iEV³³⁵ prior to implantation in vivo (FIG. 20E).No differences were detected in the endogenous levels of let-7a, a miRNAused as a control (FIG. 20F). To confirm that restoration of miR-335 inLM2 cells had effects on its target we quantified the mRNA levels ofendogenous SOX4 and TNC (see FIG. 20G, left and right panels,respectively), and found them to be considerably reduced compared to thelevels in all control tumors, as illustrated in FIG. 20G-H. No variationwas noted in the mRNA levels of two β-Catenin (CTNNB1) (FIG. 20I) andTERT (FIG. 20J) used as control. Thus, restoration of miR-335 throughiEVs³³⁵ was long-lasting and produced marked regulation of target mRNAs.Oddly, sham iEVs treated tumors had an increased TNC expression relativeto the untreated condition.

Tumor growth suppression was accompanied by a high content of miR-335and a concomitant reduction of its target mRNAs. Because the averagemiRNA half-life has been estimated to be approximately 5 days (Gantieret al., 2011) it became important to interrogate the longevity ofmiR-335 shuttled in LM2 cells as iEV payload. To this end, cultured LM2cells were treated for 48 hrs with either EVs: iEVs³³⁵, or sham EVs,respectively. At the end of the two-day treatment, cells were thoroughlywashed and cultured in complete medium for an additional 4 or 8 days.Treatment with iEVs³³⁵ resulted in a marked upregulation of miR-335content that was maximal on day 4 (FIG. 21A, left panel). This did notoccur in LM2 cells treated with sham EVs. Likewise, mRNA levels of SOX4remained depressed through day 8 (FIG. 21B, left panel). This suggest,that the uptake of EVs laden with a miR-335 payload leads to arestoration of the endogenous miR-335 pool that exceeds the 5 dayshalf-life mark for miRNA maintaining as well the ability to regulate theSOX4 target mRNA. Western on SOX4.

Discussion

We demonstrate that miR-335 contained in iEVs as cargo generated in Blymphocytes during induced vesicles biogenesis is effective at restoringendogenous miR-335 content in triple negative human breast cancer cells.An increase in endogenous miR335 content in target LM2 cells resulted ina negative regulation of mRNA targets, and tumor growth control in vivo.Our finding on miR-335 ability to regulate the tumorigenic properties ofLM2 cells is consistent with a previous report showing that miR-335silencing through genetic or epigenetic means results in increasedtumorigenicity (Png et al., 2011). Moreover, this is in line withreports showing that the inactivation of miR-335 in human cancers isassociated with reduced recurrence-free survival and represents anindependent indicator of poor overall survival (Cao et al., 2014; Png etal., 2011).

We show that iEVs enriched in miR-335 can be used therapeutically torestore its endogenous content in cancer cells in which its productionis silenced, enabling regulation of target mRNAs, e.g., SOX4. SOX4 isthe main target of miR-335 and is also a master regulator ofepithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) through direct positiveregulation of Ezh2 (Tiwari et al., 2013). We show that theinternalization iEVs in LM2 cells was effective at down-regulating SOX4mRNA in vitro and in vivo. Surprisingly, tumors borne of LM2 cellstreated ex vivo with iEVs³³⁵ showed profound SOX4 decrease sixty daysafter orthotopic implantation, suggesting that SOX4 negative regulationby miR-335 in TNBC cells is both effective and durable. The mechanismfor the sustained effect is unknown and could be related to thepersistence of miR-335 inside host cells, or to a permanent negativeeffect on SOX4 transcription. It is possible that iEVS internalized intoLM2 cells degrade slowly, releasing their payload over time. Fullelucidation of this effect will require further experimentation.

Therapeutically, a one-time internalization of iEVs proved sufficient tomarkedly inhibit, and in half cases prevent, orthotopic tumor growth,confirming the tumor-inhibiting properties of miR-335. Since miR-335 isreduced in various cancer types in humans beside TNBC (Cao et al., 2014;Gong et al., 2014: Isosaka et al., 2015; Wang and Jiang, 2015; Xiong etal., 2013) it follows that that the direction of work presented here hasa future in the treatment of certain types of human cancers for whichmethods to precisely target iEVs to cancer cells in vivo should bedeveloped for increased efficacy and diminished risk of off-targeteffects.

Materials and Methods

Mice

8-10 week old NOD scid gamma (NSG) mice were purchased from The JacksonLaboratories.

Cell Lines

MDA MB 231-4175 (LM2) cells are human TNBC cells derivative of MDA-MB231 cells stably transduced with a lentivirus expressing a triple-fusionreporter (abbreviated “TGL”) encoding herpes simplex virus thymidinekinase 1, green florescence protein and firefly luciferase (Minn et al.,2005). LM2 cells were kindly obtained from the Memorial Sloan-KetteringCancer Center (New York, N.Y.). MDA-MB 231 cells were purchased from theAmerican Type Cell Collection (ATCC®, HTB-26TM).

Plasmid Constructs

A dual miRNA construct containing miR-335-miR-335 was synthesized withunique SgfI/XhoI ends by Integrated DNA Technologies (IDT, Coralville,Iowa). Constructs were cloned into the pCMVmir (Origene, Rockville, Md.)expression vector by digesting with SgfI and XhoI, and subsequentligation of the insert into the pCMVmir vector. The ligation mixture wastransformed into TOP 10 competent cells (Life Technologies. CarlsbadCalif.). Transformed cells were plated, and clones were selected andgrown overnight at 37° C. DNA was extracted with Promega Wizard Plus SVMinipreps DNA Purification System™ (Promega, Madison Wis.). Theresultant plasmids were termed pCMV dual mir335. The clone insert wasverified via sequencing and stored at −20° C. until transfection. SinglemiRNA construct containing miR-335 was generated through excision fromthe dual miRNA construct by digestion and ligation using uniquerestriction sites (SgfI-MluI or NotI-XhoI) within the minigene to yieldpCMV miR-335. The correctness of each plasmid construct was verified bysequencing.

Cell Culture and Transfection

J558L mouse B cell myeloma cells were grown in suspension in cRPMI with10% fetal bovine serum (FBS). Cells were grown to 80% confluence. 2×10⁶cells were transfected with 1 μg of pCMVmiR plasmid utilizing the LonzaVACA-1003™ transfection kit V and Nuclefector 2b device (Lonza,Walkersville, Md.). Cells were allowed to recover in a T25 flask uprightat 37° C. with 5% CO₂ for 48 hrs. In experiments in which sncRNA copynumber was determined transfected J558L cells were cultured inEXO-FBS-50A-1™ exosome-depleted FBS (Exo-FBS, Systems Biosciences,Mountain View, Calif.).

EV Isolation and Enumeration

Forty-eight hours post-transfection lmL of culture supernatant wascollected and incubated with 0.5 mL of Total Exosome Isolation™ solution(Life Technologies, Carlsbad, Calif.) for 1 hr at room temperature. TheEV-containing mixture was spun at 16.000 RPM at 4° C. for 1 hr. The EVpellet was resuspended in 100 μL of PBS at room temperature and storedin 1.5 mL Eppendorf tubes at −20° C. until use. EVs isolated fromuntransfected or sham transfected (electroporated only) J558L cellsserved as a control.

The number of vesicles recovered was determined by Nanoparticle TrackingAnalysis (NTA) on a NanoSight LM-10HS™ equipped with a 405 nm laser(NanoSight, Wiltshire, UK) that was calibrated with polystyrene latexmicrobeads at 100 nm and 200 nm prior to analysis. Resuspended vesicleswere diluted 1:100-1:300 with PBS to achieve between 20-100 objects perframe, iEVs were manually injected into the sample chamber at roomtemperature. Each sample was measured in triplicate at camera setting 14with acquisition time of 30 s and detection threshold setting of 7. Atleast 200 completed tracks were analyzed per video. The NTA analyticalsoftware version 2.3 was used for capturing and analyzing the data.

RNA Extraction and Copy Number Determination

1×10⁶ transfected or untransfected J558L cells, and 1 mL of culturesupernatant, were collected for RNA extraction using ZYGEM RNAtissuePlus System™ (Zygem. Hamilton, NZ) according to the manufacturer'sprotocol. RNA from cell supernatant (200 μL) was extracted with theQiagen miRNeasy Serum/Plasma Kit™ following the manufacturer's protocol.IEVs extraction was performed using the ZYGEM RNAtissue Plus System.

cDNA was generated from intracellular and iEV miRNA with Taqman smallRNA assays. Input RNA was normalized to 100 ng/sample for intracellularand exosome RNA, and to 25 ng/sample for extracellular miRNA. TaqmanMicroRNA Reverse Transcription Kit™ H was utilized for all samples permanufacturer's instructions. Cycling conditions for qPCR were: 40cycles, 96° C. denature 30 secs, 60° C. anneal/extension 30 secs.Results are expressed as RQ (Relative quantity of sample) that wascalculated using the formula: Relative Quantity_(target)=E_(target) (Cq(control)−Cq (treatment)). Abbreviations: E=Efficiency of primer set;C_(q) (control)=Average C_(q) for the control or untreated sample; C_(q)(treatment)=Average C_(q) for treated sample; Target=The gene ofinterest or reference gene.

Copy number was determined in samples normalized at 100 ng cDNA/reactionrun concomitantly with a standard curve constructed with known amounts(100-0.01 ng) of miR-335 cDNA and an endogenous control standard curveconstructed using known amounts (100-0.01 ng) of snoRNA202 cDNA (AppliedBiosystems snoRNA202—assay No. 001232™-specific reverse transcriptionprimers). Samples were run in duplicate. Relative expression wasdetermined by the Ct value of test samples vs. the endogenous control.Once the amount (ng) of specific target was determined, the copy numberpresent in each reaction was calculated using the following formula:(ng×6.0223×10²³)/(number of nucleotides×1.0×10⁹×650)as indicated in http://www.uic.edu/depts/rrc/cgf/realtime/stdcurve.html.

Copy number/EV determination was calculated as follows: (Total copynumber/No. EVs sample).

Treatment of Lt2 Cells with iEVs and In Vivo Studies

LM2 cells were plated at 1×10⁶ and treated with iEVs at 4×10⁴ iEVs: LM2cell ratio for 48 hours. After treatment cells were washed 3 times, andresuspended in PBS until implanted (4×10⁵) into the right mammary fatpad in 50 μl. Mice were monitored for tumor take by palpation. Whentumors became palpable, tumor size was determined throughtwo-dimensional caliper measurements every three days. On day 30 andprior to sacrifice on day 60 mice received 6 mg of D-luciferin in PBSi.p., rest for 6 minutes, and imaged in a Xenogen IVIS™ system. Atsacrifice tumors were resected, weighed and measured by caliper. Tumorvolume was calculated using the ellipsoid formula: V=½ (H×W²). Allanimal work was approved by the UCSD Institutional Animal Use and CareCommittee.

TABLE 1 Exemplary Homo sapiens miRNAs incorporated into compositions asprovided herein, and in compositions made by methods as provided hereinID Accession RPM Chromosome Start End Strand Confidence Fetchhsa-let-7a-1 MI0000060 4.85e+04 chr9 94175957 94176036 + ✓ hsa-let-7a-2MI0000061 3.92e+04 chr11 122146522 122146593 − ✓ hsa-let-7a-3 MI00000623.89e+04 chr22 46112749 46112822 + ✓ hsa-let-7b MI0000063 2.65e+04 chr2246113686 46113768 + ✓ hsa-let-7c MI0000064  3.3e+04 chr21 1653982816539911 + — hsa-let-7d MI0000065 8.98e+03 chr9 94178834 94178920 + ✓hsa-let-7e MI0000066  1.2e+04 chr19 51692786 51692864 + ✓ hsa-let-7f-1MI0000067 4.01e+04 chr9 94176347 94176433 + ✓ hsa-let-7f-2 MI00000684.13e+04 chrX 53557192 53557274 − ✓ hsa-let-7g MI0000433   9e+03 chr352268278 52268361 − ✓ hsa-let-7i MI0000434 9.01e+03 chr12 6260368662603769 + — hsa-mir-1-1 MI0000651 6.42e+03 chr20 62554306 62554376 + ✓hsa-mir-1-2 MI0000437 1.57e+04 chr18 21829004 21829088 − — hsa-mir-7-1MI0000263  2.6e+03 chr9 83969748 83969857 − ✓ hsa-mir-7-2 MI0000264 2.3e+03 chr15 88611825 88611934 + — hsa-mir-7-3 MI0000265 2.29e+03chr19 4770670 4770779 + — hsa-mir-9-1 MI0000466 2.14e+03 chr1 156420341156420429 − ✓ hsa-mir-9-2 MI0000467 2.15e+03 chr5 88666853 88666939 − ✓hsa-mir-9-3 MI0000468  2.7e+03 chr15 89368017 89368106 + ✓ hsa-mir-10aMI0000266 4.94e+03 chr17 48579838 48579947 − ✓ hsa-mir-10b MI0000267 7.2e+03 chr2 176150303 176150412 + ✓ hsa-mir-15a MI0000069 2.93e+03chr13 50049119 50049201 − ✓ hsa-mir-15b MI0000438 7.14e+03 chr3160404588 160404685 + ✓ hsa-mir-16-1 MI0000070 3.93e+03 chr13 5004897350049061 − ✓ hsa-mir-16-2 MI0000115 4.32e+03 chr3 160404745 160404825 +✓ hsa-mir-17 MI0000071 7.38e+03 chr13 91350605 91350688 + ✓ hsa-mir-18aMI0000072 1.28e+03 chr13 91350751 91350821 + ✓ hsa-mir-18b MI00015181.03e+03 chrX 134170041 134170111 − — hsa-mir-19a MI0000073 3.33e+03chr13 91350891 91350972 + ✓ hsa-mir-19b-1 MI0000074 4.85e+03 chr1391351192 91351278 + ✓ hsa-mir-19b-2 MI0000075 4.86e+03 chrX 134169671134169766 − ✓ hsa-mir-20a MI0000076 4.21e+03 chr13 91351065 91351135 + ✓hsa-mir-20b MI0001519  1.3e+03 chrX 134169809 134169877 − ✓ hsa-mir-21MI0000077 2.56e+04 chr17 59841266 59841337 + — hsa-mir-22 MI00000783.85e+03 chr17 1713903 1713987 − ✓ hsa-mir-23a MI0000079 1.69e+04 chr1913836587 13836659 − ✓ hsa-mir-23b MI0000439 1.67e+04 chr9 9508520895085304 + — hsa-mir-23c MI0016010 3.53e+03 chrX 20017088 20017187 − —hsa-mir-24-1 MI0000080 5.34e+03 chr9 95086021 95086088 + — hsa-mir-24-2MI0000081 6.35e+03 chr19 13836287 13836359 − — hsa-mir-25 MI00000821.02e+04 chr7 100093560 100093643 − ✓ hsa-mir-26a-1 MI0000083 1.03e+04chr3 37969404 37969480 + ✓ hsa-mir-26a-2 MI0000750 9.82e+03 chr1257824609 57824692 − ✓ hsa-mir-26b MI0000084  5.2e+03 chr2 218402646218402722 + — hsa-mir-27a MI0000085 7.56e+03 chr19 13836440 13836517 − ✓hsa-mir-27b MI0000440 1.02e+04 chr9 95085445 95085541 + ✓ hsa-mir-28MI0000086 4.94e+03 chr3 188688781 188688866 + ✓ hsa-mir-29a MI00000871.09e+04 chr7 130876747 130876810 − ✓ hsa-mir-29b-1 MI0000105 6.19e+03chr7 130877459 130877539 − ✓ hsa-mir-29b-2 MI0000107 6.13e+03 chr1207802443 207802523 − — hsa-mir-29c MI0000735 8.57e+03 chr1 207801852207801939 − — hsa-mir-30a MI0000088 1.07e+04 chr6 71403551 71403621 − ✓hsa-mir-30b MI0000441 2.22e+03 chr8 134800520 134800607 − ✓hsa-mir-30c-1 MI0000736 2.95e+03 chr1 40757284 40757372 + ✓hsa-mir-30c-2 MI0000254 2.83e+03 chr6 71376960 71377031 − ✓ hsa-mir-30dMI0000255  6.9e+03 chr8 134804876 134804945 − ✓ hsa-mir-30e MI0000749 8.1e+03 chr1 40754355 40754446 + ✓ hsa-mir-31 MI0000089 3.89e+03 chr921512115 21512185 − ✓ hsa-mir-32 MI0000090 729 chr9 109046229 109046298− ✓ hsa-mir-33a MI0000091 1.12e+03 chr22 41900944 41901012 + ✓hsa-mir-33b MI0003646 269 chr17 17813836 17813931 − ✓ hsa-mir-34aMI0000268 1.13e+03 chr1 9151668 9151777 − ✓ hsa-mir-34b MI0000742 792chr11 111512938 111513021 + ✓ hsa-mir-34c MI0000743 1.36e+03 chr11111513439 111513515 + ✓ hsa-mir-92a-1 MI0000093 7.52e+03 chr13 9135131491351391 + ✓ hsa-mir-92a-2 MI0000094 6.11e+03 chrX 134169538 134169612 −✓ hsa-mir-92b MI0003560 3.33e+03 chr1 155195177 155195272 + ✓ hsa-mir-93MI0000095 1.95e+03 chr7 100093768 100093847 − ✓ hsa-mir-95 MI00000971.06e+03 chr4 8005301 8005381 − — hsa-mir-96 MI0000098 685 chr7129774692 129774769 − ✓ hsa-mir-98 MI0000100 4.35e+03 chrX 5355622353556341 − ✓ hsa-mir-99a MI0000101  3.4e+03 chr21 16539089 16539169 + ✓hsa-mir-99b MI0000746 1.66e+03 chr19 51692612 51692681 + ✓ hsa-mir-100MI0000102  2.8e+03 chr11 122152229 122152308 − ✓ hsa-mir-101-1 MI00001034.43e+03 chr1 65058434 65058508 − ✓ hsa-mir-101-2 MI0000739 4.64e+03chr9 4850297 4850375 + — hsa-mir-103a-1 MI0000109  3.7e+04 chr5168560896 168560973 − — hsa-mir-103a-2 MI0000108  3.7e+04 chr20 39174943917571 + ✓ hsa-mir-103b-1 MI0007261 22.4 chr5 168560904 168560965 + —hsa-mir-103b-2 MI0007262 — chr20 3917502 3917563 − — hsa-mir-105-1MI0000111 152 chrX 152392219 152392299 − ✓ hsa-mir-105-2 MI0000112 152chrX 152394412 152394492 − ✓ hsa-mir-106a MI0000113 4.41e+03 chrX134170198 134170278 − ✓ hsa-mir-106b MI0000734 2.46e+03 chr7 100093993100094074 − ✓ hsa-mir-107 MI0000114 3.55e+04 chr10 89592747 89592827 − —hsa-mir-122 MI0000442 292 chr18 58451074 58451158 + — hsa-mir-124-1MI0000443 801 chr8 9903388 9903472 − — hsa-mir-124-2 MI0000444 818 chr864379149 64379257 + — hsa-mir-124-3 MI0000445 760 chr20 6317850063178586 + — hsa-mir-125a MI0000469 4.02e+03 chr19 51693254 51693339 + ✓hsa-mir-125b-1 MI0000446 7.47e+03 chr11 122099757 122099844 − ✓hsa-mir-125b-2 MI0000470 7.32e+03 chr21 16590237 16590325 + ✓hsa-mir-126 MI0000471  1.1e+04 chr9 136670602 136670686 + ✓ hsa-mir-127MI0000472 2.09e+03 chr14 100882979 100883075 + — hsa-mir-128-1 MI00004474.19e+03 chr2 135665397 135665478 + ✓ hsa-mir-128-2 MI0000727 3.98e+03chr3 35744476 35744559 + ✓ hsa-mir-129-1 MI0000252 1.18e+03 chr7128207872 128207943 + ✓ hsa-mir-129-2 MI0000473 1.17e+03 chr11 4358139443581483 + ✓ hsa-mir-130a MI0000448 5.44e+03 chr11 57641198 57641286 + —hsa-mir-130b MI0000748 1.49e+03 chr22 21653304 21653385 + ✓ hsa-mir-132MI0000449 616 chr17 2049908 2050008 − ✓ hsa-mir-133a-1 MI00004502.05e+03 chr18 21825698 21825785 − ✓ hsa-mir-133a-2 MI0000451 2.05e+03chr20 62564912 62565013 + ✓ hsa-mir-133b MI0000822 1.42e+03 chr652148923 52149041 + — hsa-mir-134 MI0000474 568 chr14 101054687101054759 + ✓ hsa-mir-135a-1 MI0000452 719 chr3 52294219 52294308 − ✓hsa-mir-135a-2 MI0000453 846 chr12 97563812 97563911 + — hsa-mir-135bMI0000810 699 chr1 205448302 205448398 − ✓ hsa-mir-136 MI00004751.04e+03 chr14 100884702 100884783 + ✓ hsa-mir-137 MI0000454 120 chr198046070 98046171 − — hsa-mir-138-1 MI0000476 850 chr3 4411421244114310 + ✓ hsa-mir-138-2 MI0000455 859 chr16 56858518 56858601 + —hsa-mir-139 MI0000261 495 chr11 72615063 72615130 − ✓ hsa-mir-140MI0000456 9.46e+03 chr16 69933081 69933180 + ✓ hsa-mir-141 MI00004573.72e+03 chr12 6964097 6964191 + ✓ hsa-mir-142 MI0000458  1.3e+04 chr1758331232 58331318 − — hsa-mir-143 MI0000459 2.47e+04 chr5 149428918149429023 + ✓ hsa-mir-144 MI0000460 3.44e+03 chr17 28861533 28861618 − ✓hsa-mir-145 MI0000461 2.39e+04 chr5 149430646 149430733 + — hsa-mir-146aMI0000477 6.67e+03 chr5 160485352 160485450 + ✓ hsa-mir-146b MI00031294.26e+03 chr10 102436512 102436584 + — hsa-mir-147a MI0000262 719 chr9120244979 120245050 − — hsa-mir-147b MI0005544 720 chr15 4543305045433129 + — hsa-mir-148a MI0000253  4.3e+03 chr7 25949919 25949986 − ✓hsa-mir-148b MI0000811  1.1e+03 chr12 54337216 54337314 + ✓ hsa-mir-149MI0000478 913 chr2 240456001 240456089 + ✓ hsa-mir-150 MI00004792.64e+03 chr19 49500785 49500868 − ✓ hsa-mir-151a MI0000809 7.65e+03chr8 140732564 140732653 − ✓ hsa-mir-151b MI0003772 4.29e+03 chr14100109419 100109514 − — hsa-mir-152 MI0000462 1.62e+03 chr17 4803716148037247 − ✓ hsa-mir-153-1 MI0000463 153 chr2 219294111 219294200 − —hsa-mir-153-2 MI0000464 159 chr7 157574336 157574422 − — hsa-mir-154MI0000480 202 chr14 101059755 101059838 + ✓ hsa-mir-155 MI00006812.94e+03 chr21 25573980 25574044 + ✓ hsa-mir-181a-1 MI0000289 7.78e+03chr1 198859044 198859153 − ✓ hsa-mir-181a-2 MI0000269 7.01e+03 chr9124692442 124692551 + — hsa-mir-181b-1 MI0000270 4.24e+03 chr1 198858873198858982 − — hsa-mir-181b-2 MI0000683 4.37e+03 chr9 124693710124693798 + ✓ hsa-mir-181c MI0000271 1.22e+03 chr19 13874699 13874808 +— hsa-mir-181d MI0003139 3.65e+03 chr19 13874875 13875011 + ✓hsa-mir-182 MI0000272 1.58e+03 chr7 129770383 129770492 − ✓ hsa-mir-183MI0000273 844 chr7 129774905 129775014 − ✓ hsa-mir-184 MI0000481 595chr15 79209788 79209871 + — hsa-mir-185 MI0000482 5.32e+03 chr2220033139 20033220 + ✓ hsa-mir-186 MI0000483 2.37e+03 chr1 7106763171067716 − ✓ hsa-mir-187 MI0000274 331 chr18 35904818 35904926 − —hsa-mir-188 MI0000484 642 chrX 50003503 50003588 + ✓ hsa-mir-190aMI0000486 703 chr15 62823957 62824041 + ✓ hsa-mir-190b MI0005545 199chr1 154193665 154193743 − — hsa-mir-191 MI0000465 1.24e+04 chr349020618 49020709 − ✓ hsa-mir-192 MI0000234 4.81e+03 chr11 6489113764891246 − ✓ hsa-mir-193a MI0000487 3.28e+03 chr17 31559996 31560083 + ✓hsa-mir-193b MI0003137 1.96e+03 chr16 14303967 14304049 + ✓hsa-mir-194-1 MI0000488 381 chr1 220118157 220118241 − — hsa-mir-194-2MI0000732 535 chr11 64891355 64891439 − ✓ hsa-mir-195 MI0000489 3.34e+03chr17 7017615 7017701 − ✓ hsa-mir-196a-1 MI0000238 1.21e+03 chr1748632490 48632559 − — hsa-mir-196a-2 MI0000279 1.37e+03 chr12 5399173853991847 + ✓ hsa-mir-196b MI0001150 1.21e+03 chr7 27169480 27169563 − ✓hsa-mir-197 MI0000239 1.42e+03 chr1 109598893 109598967 + ✓ hsa-mir-198MI0000240 107 chr3 120395668 120395729 − — hsa-mir-199a-1 MI00002427.48e+03 chr19 10817426 10817496 − ✓ hsa-mir-199a-2 MI0000281 7.63e+03chr1 172144535 172144644 − ✓ hsa-mir-199b MI0000282 6.16e+03 chr9128244721 128244830 − ✓ hsa-mir-200a MI0000737  2.4e+03 chr1 11678631167952 + ✓ hsa-mir-200b MI0000342 6.62e+03 chr1 1167104 1167198 + ✓hsa-mir-200c MI0000650 8.46e+03 chr12 6963699 6963766 + ✓ hsa-mir-202MI0003130  1.7e+03 chr10 133247511 133247620 − ✓ hsa-mir-203a MI00002832.75e+03 chr14 104117405 104117514 + ✓ hsa-mir-203b MI0017343 15.8 chr14104117418 104117503 − — hsa-mir-204 MI0000284 1.59e+03 chr9 7080997570810084 − — hsa-mir-205 MI0000285 1.01e+04 chr1 209432133 209432242 + —hsa-mir-206 MI0000490 1.86e+03 chr6 52144349 52144434 + — hsa-mir-208aMI0000251 205 chr14 23388596 23388666 − — hsa-mir-208b MI0005570 779chr14 23417987 23418063 − ✓ hsa-mir-210 MI0000286 2.05e+03 chr11 568089568198 − ✓ hsa-mir-211 MI0000287 9.29e+03 chr15 31065032 31065141 − ✓hsa-mir-212 MI0000288 285 chr17 2050271 2050380 − — hsa-mir-214MI0000290 2.16e+03 chr1 172138798 172138907 − — hsa-mir-215 MI00002911.95e+03 chr1 220117853 220117962 − — hsa-mir-216a MI0000292 159 chr255988950 55989059 − — hsa-mir-216b MI0005569 188 chr2 56000714 56000795− — hsa-mir-217 MI0000293 315 chr2 55982967 55983076 − — hsa-mir-218-1MI0000294 1.46e+03 chr4 20528275 20528384 + ✓ hsa-mir-218-2 MI00002951.38e+03 chr5 168768146 168768255 − — hsa-mir-219a-1 MI0000296 163 chr633207835 33207944 + ✓ hsa-mir-219a-2 MI0000740 1.04e+03 chr9 128392618128392714 − ✓ hsa-mir-219b MI0017299 23.2 chr9 128392621 128392708 + ✓hsa-mir-221 MI0000298 8.06e+03 chrX 45746157 45746266 − ✓ hsa-mir-222MI0000299 5.15e+03 chrX 45747015 45747124 − ✓ hsa-mir-223 MI00003005.81e+03 chrX 66018870 66018979 + ✓ hsa-mir-224 MI0000301 620 chrX151958578 151958658 − — hsa-mir-296 MI0000747 355 chr20 5881761558817694 − ✓ hsa-mir-297 MI0005775 52.3 chr4 110860582 110860647 − ✓hsa-mir-298 MI0005523 16.3 chr20 58818226 58818313 − ✓ hsa-mir-299MI0000744 399 chr14 101023794 101023856 + ✓ hsa-mir-300 MI0005525 56.7chr14 101041363 101041445 + — hsa-mir-301a MI0000745 582 chr17 5915113659151221 − ✓ hsa-mir-301b MI0005568 124 chr22 21652981 21653058 + ✓hsa-mir-302a MI0000738 1.87e+04 chr4 112648183 112648251 − ✓hsa-mir-302b MI0000772 4.58e+04 chr4 112648485 112648557 − —hsa-mir-302c MI0000773 1.35e+05 chr4 112648363 112648430 − ✓hsa-mir-302d MI0000774 6.57e+04 chr4 112648004 112648071 − —hsa-mir-302e MI0006417 8.41e+03 chr11 7234766 7234837 + — hsa-mir-302fMI0006418 3.42e+03 chr18 30298910 30298960 + — hsa-mir-320a MI00005421.28e+04 chr8 22244962 22245043 − — hsa-mir-320b-1 MI0003776  9.8e+03chr1 116671749 116671827 + — hsa-mir-320b-2 MI0003839 1.05e+04 chr1224257004 224257141 − — hsa-mir-320c-1 MI0003778 4.98e+03 chr18 2168351021683597 + — hsa-mir-320c-2 MI0008191 3.67e+03 chr18 24321686 24321735 +— hsa-mir-320d-1 MI0008190 3.13e+03 chr13 40727828 40727875 − —hsa-mir-320d-2 MI0008192 3.14e+03 chrX 140926172 140926219 − —hsa-mir-320e MI0014234 1.62e+03 chr19 46709293 46709345 − — hsa-mir-323aMI0000807 196 chr14 101025732 101025817 + ✓ hsa-mir-323b MI0014206 60.2chr14 101056219 101056300 + — hsa-mir-324 MI0000813 1.47e+03 chr177223297 7223379 − — hsa-mir-325 MI0000824 42.5 chrX 77005404 77005501 −— hsa-mir-326 MI0000808 128 chr11 75335092 75335186 − — hsa-mir-328MI0000804 424 chr16 67202321 67202395 − ✓ hsa-mir-329-1 MI0001725 198chr14 101026785 101026864 + ✓ hsa-mir-329-2 MI0001726 198 chr14101027100 101027183 + ✓ hsa-mir-330 MI0000803 2.01e+03 chr19 4563899445639087 − ✓ hsa-mir-331 MI0000812 1.43e+03 chr12 95308420 95308513 + ✓hsa-mir-335 MI0000816 1.11e+04 chr7 130496111 130496204 + ✓ hsa-mir-337MI0000806 792 chr14 100874493 100874585 + ✓ hsa-mir-338 MI0000814 677chr17 81125883 81125949 − ✓ hsa-mir-339 MI0000815 2.02e+03 chr7 10229331023026 − ✓ hsa-mir-340 MI0000802 774 chr5 180015303 180015397 − ✓hsa-mir-342 MI0000805 1.39e+03 chr14 100109655 100109753 + ✓ hsa-mir-345MI0000825 2.86e+03 chr14 100307859 100307956 + ✓ hsa-mir-346 MI0000826102 chr10 86264694 86264788 − — hsa-mir-361 MI0000760 2.44e+03 chrX85903636 85903707 − ✓ hsa-mir-362 MI0000762 673 chrX 50008964 50009028 +✓ hsa-mir-363 MI0000764 4.72e+03 chrX 134169378 134169452 − ✓hsa-mir-365a MI0000767 3.85e+03 chr16 14309285 14309371 + ✓ hsa-mir-365bMI0000769 3.76e+03 chr17 31575411 31575521 + ✓ hsa-mir-367 MI0000775 140chr4 112647874 112647941 − — hsa-mir-369 MI0000777 468 chr14 101065598101065667 + ✓ hsa-mir-370 MI0000778 179 chr14 100911139 100911213 + ✓hsa-mir-371a MI0000779 56.4 chr19 53787675 53787741 + — hsa-mir-371bMI0017393 294 chr19 53787677 53787742 − — hsa-mir-372 MI0000780 108chr19 53787890 53787956 + — hsa-mir-373 MI0000781 79 chr19 5378870553788773 + — hsa-mir-374a MI0000782 2.01e+03 chrX 74287286 74287357 − ✓hsa-mir-374b MI0005566 1.29e+03 chrX 74218547 74218618 − ✓ hsa-mir-374cMI0016684 563 chrX 74218549 74218618 + — hsa-mir-375 MI0000783 1.05e+03chr2 219001645 219001708 − — hsa-mir-376a-1 MI0000784 1.01e+03 chr14101040782 101040849 + ✓ hsa-mir-376a-2 MI0003529 1.05e+03 chr14101040069 101040148 + ✓ hsa-mir-376b MI0002466 912 chr14 101040436101040535 + — hsa-mir-376c MI0000776 1.35e+03 chr14 101039690101039755 + ✓ hsa-mir-377 MI0000785 325 chr14 101062050 101062118 + ✓hsa-mir-378a MI0000786 7.03e+03 chr5 149732825 149732890 + ✓hsa-mir-378b MI0014154 1.17e+03 chr3 10330229 10330285 + — hsa-mir-378cMI0015825 3.22e+03 chr10 130962588 130962668 − — hsa-mir-378d-1MI0016749 1.76e+03 chr4 5923275 5923328 − — hsa-mir-378d-2 MI00038402.28e+03 chr8 93916022 93916119 − — hsa-mir-378e MI0016750 726 chr5170028488 170028566 + — hsa-mir-378f MI0016756 1.95e+03 chr1 2392907023929147 + — hsa-mir-378g MI0016761 1.69e+03 chr1 94745860 94745900 − —hsa-mir-378h MI0016808 609 chr5 154829458 154829540 + — hsa-mir-378iMI0016902 1.68e+03 chr22 41923222 41923297 − — hsa-mir-378j MI0021273101 chr17 37614931 37615039 − — hsa-mir-379 MI0000787 324 chr14101022066 101022132 + ✓ hsa-mir-380 MI0000788 67 chr14 101025017101025077 + — hsa-mir-381 MI0000789 486 chr14 101045920 101045994 + ✓hsa-mir-382 MI0000790 523 chr14 101054306 101054381 + ✓ hsa-mir-383MI0000791 196 chr8 14853438 14853510 − — hsa-mir-384 MI0001145 — chrX76919273 76919360 − — hsa-mir-409 MI0001735 443 chr14 101065300101065378 + ✓ hsa-mir-410 MI0002465 159 chr14 101065912 101065991 + —hsa-mir-411 MI0003675 533 chr14 101023325 101023420 + ✓ hsa-mir-412MI0002464 87.3 chr14 101065447 101065537 + — hsa-mir-421 MI0003685 409chrX 74218377 74218461 − — hsa-mir-422a MI0001444 140 chr15 6387093063871019 − — hsa-mir-423 MI0001445 8.78e+03 chr17 30117079 30117172 + ✓hsa-mir-424 MI0001446 1.08e+04 chrX 134546614 134546711 − ✓ hsa-mir-425MI0001448 2.44e+03 chr3 49020148 49020234 − ✓ hsa-mir-429 MI0001641 904chr1 1169005 1169087 + — hsa-mir-431 MI0001721 52.1 chr14 100881007100881120 + ✓ hsa-mir-432 MI0003133 761 chr14 100884483 100884576 + —hsa-mir-433 MI0001723 522 chr14 100881886 100881978 + ✓ hsa-mir-448MI0001637 24.7 chrX 114823454 114823564 + — hsa-mir-449a MI0001648 197chr5 55170532 55170622 − — hsa-mir-449b MI0003673 195 chr5 5517064655170742 − — hsa-mir-449c MI0003823 102 chr5 55172262 55172353 − —hsa-mir-450a-1 MI0001652 1.75e+03 chrX 134540341 134540431 − ✓hsa-mir-450a-2 MI0003187 1.73e+03 chrX 134540508 134540607 − ✓hsa-mir-450b MI0005531 482 chrX 134540185 134540262 − ✓ hsa-mir-451aMI0001729 6.77e+03 chr17 28861369 28861440 − — hsa-mir-451b MI0017360150 chr17 28861371 28861438 + — hsa-mir-452 MI0001733 729 chrX 151959628151959712 − — hsa-mir-454 MI0003820 377 chr17 59137758 59137872 − ✓hsa-mir-455 MI0003513 3.06e+03 chr9 114209434 114209529 + — hsa-mir-466MI0014157 65.9 chr3 31161704 31161787 − — hsa-mir-483 MI0002467 1.11e+03chr11 2134134 2134209 − ✓ hsa-mir-484 MI0002468 1.36e+03 chr16 1564329415643372 + — hsa-mir-485 MI0002469 252 chr14 101055419 101055491 + ✓hsa-mir-486-1 MI0002470 2.87e+03 chr8 41660441 41660508 − ✓hsa-mir-486-2 MI0023622 32.1 chr8 41660444 41660507 + — hsa-mir-487aMI0002471 71.2 chr14 101052446 101052525 + — hsa-mir-487b MI0003530 306chr14 101046455 101046538 + ✓ hsa-mir-488 MI0003123 317 chr1 177029363177029445 − ✓ hsa-mir-489 MI0003124 72.4 chr7 93483936 93484019 − —hsa-mir-490 MI0003125 119 chr7 136903167 136903294 + ✓ hsa-mir-491MI0003126 60.6 chr9 20716105 20716188 + ✓ hsa-mir-492 MI0003131 324chr12 94834398 94834513 + — hsa-mir-493 MI0003132 529 chr14 100869060100869148 + ✓ hsa-mir-494 MI0003134 214 chr14 101029634 101029714 + ✓hsa-mir-495 MI0003135 496 chr14 101033755 101033836 + ✓ hsa-mir-496MI0003136 53.9 chr14 101060573 101060674 + — hsa-mir-497 MI00031381.35e+03 chr17 7017911 7018022 − ✓ hsa-mir-498 MI0003142 57.2 chr1953674197 53674320 + — hsa-mir-499a MI0003183 318 chr20 3499037634990497 + — hsa-mir-499b MI0017396 2.07 chr20 34990400 34990472 − —hsa-mir-500a MI0003184 1.35e+03 chrX 50008431 50008514 + ✓ hsa-mir-500bMI0015903 272 chrX 50010672 50010750 + — hsa-mir-501 MI0003185 1.08e+03chrX 50009722 50009805 + — hsa-mir-502 MI0003186 1.26e+03 chrX 5001459850014683 + — hsa-mir-503 MI0003188 1.59e+03 chrX 134546328 134546398 − ✓hsa-mir-504 MI0003189 80.9 chrX 138667711 138667793 − ✓ hsa-mir-505MI0003190 916 chrX 139924148 139924231 − ✓ hsa-mir-506 MI0003193 619chrX 147230720 147230843 − ✓ hsa-mir-507 MI0003194 89.2 chrX 147230984147231077 − — hsa-mir-508 MI0003195 5.42e+03 chrX 147236913 147237027 −✓ hsa-mir-509-1 MI0003196 5.29e+03 chrX 147260532 147260625 − ✓hsa-mir-509-2 MI0005530 5.14e+03 chrX 147258760 147258850 − ✓hsa-mir-509-3 MI0005717   9e+03 chrX 147259652 147259726 − ✓ hsa-mir-510MI0003197 159 chrX 147272335 147272408 − ✓ hsa-mir-511 MI0003127 78.7chr10 17845107 17845193 + — hsa-mir-512-1 MI0003140 72.6 chr19 5366667953666762 + — hsa-mir-512-2 MI0003141 73.1 chr19 53669157 53669254 + —hsa-mir-513a-1 MI0003191 371 chrX 147213463 147213591 − — hsa-mir-513a-2MI0003192 381 chrX 147225826 147225952 − — hsa-mir-513b MI0006648 314chrX 147199044 147199127 − — hsa-mir-513c MI0006649 329 chrX 147189704147189787 − ✓ hsa-mir-514a-1 MI0003198 3.49e+03 chrX 147279247 147279344− ✓ hsa-mir-514a-2 MI0003199 3.21e+03 chrX 147281943 147282030 − ✓hsa-mir-514a-3 MI0003200 3.23e+03 chrX 147284641 147284728 − ✓hsa-mir-514b MI0014251 404 chrX 147250151 147250230 − ✓ hsa-mir-515-1MI0003144 118 chr19 53679003 53679085 + — hsa-mir-515-2 MI0003147 116chr19 53685009 53685091 + — hsa-mir-516a-1 MI0003180 518 chr19 5375674153756830 + — hsa-mir-516a-2 MI0003181 464 chr19 53761133 53761222 + —hsa-mir-516b-1 MI0003172 193 chr19 53736845 53736934 + — hsa-mir-516b-2MI0003167 1.84e+03 chr19 53725442 53725526 + — hsa-mir-517a MI0003161169 chr19 53712268 53712354 + — hsa-mir-517b MI0003165 193 chr1953721076 53721142 + — hsa-mir-517c MI0003174 176 chr19 5374131353741407 + — hsa-mir-518a-1 MI0003170 125 chr19 53731006 53731090 + —hsa-mir-518a-2 MI0003173 118 chr19 53739333 53739419 + — hsa-mir-518bMI0003156 148 chr19 53702737 53702819 + — hsa-mir-518c MI0003159 83.3chr19 53708735 53708835 + — hsa-mir-518d MI0003171 190 chr19 5373487753734963 + — hsa-mir-518c MI0003169 205 chr19 53729838 53729925 + —hsa-mir-518f MI0003154 193 chr19 53700015 53700101 + — hsa-mir-519a-1MI0003178 318 chr19 53752397 53752481 + ✓ hsa-mir-519a-2 MI0003182 347chr19 53762344 53762430 + — hsa-mir-519b MI0003151 359 chr19 5369521353695293 + — hsa-mir-519c MI0003148 218 chr19 53686469 53686555 + —hsa-mir-519d MI0003162 199 chr19 53713347 53713434 + — hsa-mir-519eMI0003145 1.12e+03 chr19 53679940 53680023 + — hsa-mir-520a MI000314945.1 chr19 53690881 53690965 + — hsa-mir-520b MI0003155 257 chr1953701227 53701287 + — hsa-mir-520c MI0003158 362 chr19 5370745353707539 + — hsa-mir-520d MI0003164 141 chr19 53720096 53720182 + —hsa-mir-520e MI0003143 95.4 chr19 53675711 53675797 + — hsa-mir-520fMI0003146 276 chr19 53682159 53682245 + — hsa-mir-520g MI0003166 136chr19 53722166 53722255 + — hsa-mir-520h MI0003175 127 chr19 5374251253742599 + — hsa-mir-521-1 MI0003176 238 chr19 53748636 53748722 + —hsa-mir-521-2 MI0003163 284 chr19 53716594 53716680 + — hsa-mir-522MI0003177 226 chr19 53751211 53751297 + — hsa-mir-523 MI0003153 190chr19 53698385 53698471 + — hsa-mir-524 MI0003160 133 chr19 5371100253711088 + — hsa-mir-525 MI0003152 144 chr19 53697533 53697617 + —hsa-mir-526a-1 MI0003157 192 chr19 53706252 53706336 + — hsa-mir-526a-2MI0003168 170 chr19 53726922 53726986 + — hsa-mir-526b MI0003150 216chr19 53694393 53694475 + — hsa-mir-527 MI0003179 199 chr19 5375401853754102 + — hsa-mir-532 MI0003205 2.28e+03 chrX 50003148 50003238 + ✓hsa-mir-539 MI0003514 452 chr14 101047321 101047398 + ✓ hsa-mir-541MI0005539 60.1 chr14 101064495 101064578 + — hsa-mir-542 MI00036861.24e+03 chrX 134541341 134541437 − ✓ hsa-mir-543 MI0005565 355 chr14101031987 101032064 + ✓ hsa-mir-544a MI0003515 83 chr14 101048658101048748 + — hsa-mir-544b MI0014159 100 chr3 124732439 124732516 + —hsa-mir-545 MI0003516 157 chrX 74287104 74287209 − ✓ hsa-mir-548a-1MI0003593 197 chr6 18571784 18571880 + — hsa-mir-548a-2 MI0003598 202chr6 135239160 135239256 + — hsa-mir-548a-3 MI0003612 97 chr8 104484369104484465 − ✓ hsa-mir-548aa-1 MI0016689 136 chr8 123348034 123348130 + —hsa-mir-548aa-2 MI0016690 431 chr17 67471489 67471585 + — hsa-mir-548abMI0016752 195 chr3 103524033 103524116 − — hsa-mir-548ac MI0016762 196chr1 116560024 116560111 − — hsa-mir-548ad MI0016770 294 chr2 3547140535471486 + — hsa-mir-548ae-1 MI0016779 64.3 chr2 184378975 184379044 + —hsa-mir-548ae-2 MI0016780 344 chr5 58530043 58530109 − — hsa-mir-548ag-1MI0016793 99.7 chr4 60922619 60922684 + — hsa-mir-548ag-2 MI0016794 109chr20 60564562 60564625 + — hsa-mir-548ah MI0016796 67.2 chr4 7657555176575626 + — hsa-mir-548ai MI0016813 145 chr6 99124609 99124696 + —hsa-mir-548aj-1 MI0016814 81.6 chr6 132115192 132115263 − —hsa-mir-548aj-2 MI0016815 165 chrX 38023895 38023986 − — hsa-mir-548akMI0016840 146 chr10 12130760 12130816 − — hsa-mir-548al MI0016851 112chr11 74399237 74399333 + — hsa-mir-548am MI0016904 316 chrX 1662701216627085 − — hsa-mir-548an MI0016907 91.8 chrX 106639814 106639896 + —hsa-mir-548ao MI0017871 106 chr8 41271048 41271143 − — hsa-mir-548apMI0017875 155 chr15 85825635 85825730 + — hsa-mir-548aq MI0019130 100chr3 185767847 185767904 − — hsa-mir-548ar MI0019131 109 chr13 114244505114244561 + ✓ hsa-mir-548as MI0019132 111 chr13 92490163 92490220 + —hsa-mir-548at MI0019137 56.3 chr17 42494773 42494830 + — hsa-mir-548auMI0019145 230 chr9 93594841 93594894 + — hsa-mir-548av MI0019152 69.2chr18 72853321 72853382 − — hsa-mir-548aw MI0019283 58.6 chr9 132945707132945771 + — hsa-mir-548ax MI0019286 101 chrX 11318614 11318686 − —hsa-mir-548ay MI0022210 334 chr3 32506283 32506389 − — hsa-mir-548azMI0022212 214 chr8 119325171 119325265 + — hsa-mir-548b MI0003596 282chr6 119069047 119069143 − — hsa-mir-548ba MI0025747 4.23 chr2 4905960349059658 + — hsa-mir-548bb MI0029321 4.32 chr3 60617805 60617870 − —hsa-mir-548c Mi0003630 331 chr12 64622509 64622605 + — hsa-mir-548d-1MI0003668 341 chr8 123348034 123348130 − ✓ hsa-mir-548d-2 MI0003671 335chr17 67471489 67471585 − ✓ hsa-mir-548c MI0006344 102 chr10 110988926110989013 + ✓ hsa-mir-548f-1 MI0006374 129 chr10 54607874 54607957 − —hsa-mir-548f-2 MI0006375 61.7 chr2 212426263 212426360 − —hsa-mir-548f-3 MI0006376 59.6 chr5 110513829 110513915 − —hsa-mir-548f-4 MI0006377 187 chr7 147378017 147378121 − — hsa-mir-548f-5MI0006378 282 chrX 32641474 32641559 − — hsa-mir-548g MI0006395 109 chr4147344629 147344717 − — hsa-mir-548h-1 MI0006411 113 chr14 6409502464095125 − — hsa-mir-548h-2 MI0006412 169 chr16 11306440 11306527 − —hsa-mir-548h-3 MI0006413 367 chr17 13543529 13543646 − — hsa-mir-548h-4MI0006414 251 chr8 27048853 27048963 − ✓ hsa-mir-548h-5 MI0016751 106chr6 131792172 131792231 + — hsa-mir-548i-1 MI0006421 226 chr3 125790404125790552 − — hsa-mir-548i-2 MI0006422 227 chr4 9556168 9556316 − —hsa-mir-548i-3 MI0006423 223 chr8 8088941 8089089 − — hsa-mir-548i-4MI0006424 205 chrX 84225752 84225828 − — hsa-mir-548j MI0006345 114chr22 26555212 26555323 − ✓ hsa-mir-548k MI0006354 157 chr11 7028395570284070 + — hsa-mir-548l MI0006361 86.3 chr11 94466495 94466580 − —hsa-mir-548m MI0006400 49.4 chrX 95063141 95063226 − — hsa-mir-548nMI0006399 232 chr7 34940760 34940834 − — hsa-mir-548o MI0006402 33.2chr7 102405742 102405855 − — hsa-mir-548o-2 MI0016746 288 chr20 3851656338516632 + ✓ hsa-mir-548p MI0006420 60.2 chr5 100816482 100816565 − —hsa-mir-548q MI0010637 111 chr10 12725254 12725353 − — hsa-mir-548sMI0014141 52.1 chr2 11767444 11767525 + — hsa-mir-548t MI0014164 116chr4 173268160 173268233 + — hsa-mir-548u MI0014168 45.8 chr6 5739013257390212 + — hsa-mir-548v MI0014174 160 chr8 17681578 17681657 − ✓hsa-mir-548w MI0014222 157 chr16 26025237 26025310 + — hsa-mir-548xMI0014244 129 chr21 18686090 18686164 − — hsa-mir-548x-2 MI0016833 187chr13 65966330 65966429 − — hsa-mir-548y MI0016595 81.8 chr14 4776099547761104 − — hsa-mir-548z MI0016688 213 chr12 64622509 64622605 − —hsa-mir-549a MI0003679 80.9 chr15 80841978 80842073 − — hsa-mir-550a-1MI0003600 329 chr7 30289794 30289890 + — hsa-mir-550a-2 MI0003601 329chr7 32732981 32733077 + — hsa-mir-550a-3 MI0003762 319 chr7 2968073429680828 − — hsa-mir-550b-1 MI0016686 147 chr7 30289794 30289890 − —hsa-mir-550b-2 MI0016687 153 chr7 32732981 32733077 − — hsa-mir-551aMI0003556 117 chr1 3560695 3560790 − — hsa-mir-551b MI0003575 237 chr3168551854 168551949 + ✓ hsa-mir-552 MI0003557 72.2 chr1 3466959934669694 − — hsa-mir-553 MI0003558 16.4 chr1 100281241 100281308 + —hsa-mir-554 MI0003559 10.5 chr1 151545796 151545891 + — hsa-mir-555MI0003561 30.6 chr1 155346350 155346445 − — hsa-mir-556 MI0003562 71.7chr1 162342546 162342640 + ✓ hsa-mir-557 MI0003563 121 chr1 168375524168375621 + — hsa-mir-558 MI0003564 446 chr2 32532153 32532246 + —hsa-mir-559 MI0003565 341 chr2 47377675 47377770 + — hsa-mir-561MI0003567 75.7 chr2 188297492 188297588 + ✓ hsa-mir-562 MI0003568 190chr2 232172653 232172747 + — hsa-mir-563 MI0003569 444 chr3 1587377115873849 + — hsa-mir-564 MI0003570 56.9 chr3 44861888 44861981 + —hsa-mir-566 MI0003572 2.13e+03 chr3 50173326 50173419 + — hsa-mir-567MI0003573 1.54e+03 chr3 112112801 112112898 + — hsa-mir-568 MI000357483.7 chr3 114316475 114316569 − — hsa-mir-569 MI0003576 16.9 chr3171106664 171106759 − — hsa-mir-570 MI0003577 61.4 chr3 195699401195699497 + ✓ hsa-mir-571 MI0003578 18.1 chr4 350157 350252 + —hsa-mir-572 MI0003579 289 chr4 11368827 11368921 + — hsa-mir-573MI0003580 24.3 chr4 24520192 24520290 − — hsa-mir-574 MI0003581 3.48e+03chr4 38868032 38868127 + ✓ hsa-mir-575 MI0003582 176 chr4 8275333782753430 − — hsa-mir-576 MI0003583 356 chr4 109488698 109488795 + ✓hsa-mir-577 MI0003584 114 chr4 114656759 114656854 + ✓ hsa-mir-578MI0003585 17.8 chr4 165386242 165386337 + — hsa-mir-579 MI0003586 83chr5 32394378 32394475 − ✓ hsa-mir-580 MI0003587 75 chr5 3614789236147988 − — hsa-mir-581 MI0003588 12.3 chr5 53951504 53951599 − —hsa-mir-582 MI0003589 471 chr5 59703606 59703703 − ✓ hsa-mir-583MI0003590 30.8 chr5 96079138 96079212 + — hsa-mir-584 MI0003591 1.49e+03chr5 149062313 149062409 − ✓ hsa-mir-585 MI0003592 115 chr5 169263601169263694 − — hsa-mir-586 MI0003594 — chr6 45197674 45197770 − —hsa-mir-587 MI0003595 27.2 chr6 106784125 106784220 + — hsa-mir-588MI0003597 22 chr6 126484631 126484713 + — hsa-mir-589 MI0003599 284 chr75495819 5495917 − ✓ hsa-mir-590 MI0003602 523 chr7 74191198 74191294 + ✓hsa-mir-591 MI0003603 38.6 chr7 96219662 96219756 − — hsa-mir-592MI0003604 65.3 chr7 127058088 127058184 − — hsa-mir-593 MI0003605 148chr7 128081861 128081960 + — hsa-mir-595 MI0003607 89 chr7 158532718158532813 − — hsa-mir-596 MI0003608 19.8 chr8 1817231 1817307 + —hsa-mir-597 MI0003609 22.5 chr8 9741672 9741768 + — hsa-mir-598MI0003610 327 chr8 11035206 11035302 − — hsa-mir-599 MI0003611 99 chr899536636 99536730 − — hsa-mir-600 MI0003613 55.2 chr9 123111546123111643 − — hsa-mir-601 MI0003614 85 chr9 123402525 123402603 − —hsa-mir-602 MI0003615 104 chr9 137838419 137838516 + — hsa-mir-603MI0003616 66.1 chr10 24275685 24275781 + — hsa-mir-604 MI0003617 43.9chr10 29545004 29545097 − — hsa-mir-605 MI0003618 172 chr10 5129957351299655 + — hsa-mir-606 MI0003619 74 chr10 75552458 75552553 + —hsa-mir-607 MI0003620 33.1 chr10 96828669 96828764 − — hsa-mir-608MI0003621 122 chr10 100974985 100975084 + — hsa-mir-609 MI0003622 43.2chr10 104218789 104218883 − — hsa-mir-610 MI0003623 59.4 chr11 2805681528056910 + — hsa-mir-611 MI0003624 51.4 chr11 61792495 61792561 − —hsa-mir-612 MI0003625 104 chr11 65444458 65444557 + — hsa-mir-613MI0003626 175 chr12 12764649 12764743 + — hsa-mir-614 MI0003627 21.3chr12 12915829 12915918 + — hsa-mir-615 MI0003628 656 chr12 5403395054034045 + — hsa-mir-616 MI0003629 48.4 chr12 57519163 57519259 − ✓hsa-mir-617 MI0003631 44.9 chr12 80832533 80832629 − ✓ hsa-mir-618MI0003632 31.1 chr12 80935736 80935833 − — hsa-mir-619 MI0003633 951chr12 108836908 108837006 − — hsa-mir-620 MI0003634 142 chr12 116148560116148654 − — hsa-mir-621 MI0003635 233 chr13 40810766 40810861 + —hsa-mir-622 MI0003636 147 chr13 90231182 90231277 + — hsa-mir-623MI0003637 20.2 chr13 99356131 99:356228 + — hsa-mir-624 MI0003638 107chr14 31014646 31014742 − ✓ hsa-mir-625 MI0003639 416 chr14 6547110265471186 + ✓ hsa-mir-626 MI0003640 65.3 chr15 41691585 41691678 + —hsa-mir-627 MI0003641 109 chr15 42199570 42199666 − ✓ hsa-mir-628MI0003642 153 chr15 55372940 55373034 − ✓ hsa-mir-629 MI0003643 571chr15 70079372 70079468 − ✓ hsa-mir-630 MI0003644 0.222 chr15 7258721772587313 + — hsa-mir-631 MI0003645 17.8 chr15 75353611 75353685 − —hsa-mir-632 MI0003647 293 chr17 32350109 32350202 + — hsa-mir-633MI0003648 24.1 chr17 62944215 62944312 + — hsa-mir-634 MI0003649 255chr17 66787072 66787168 + — hsa-mir-635 MI0003650 305 chr17 6842445168424548 − — hsa-mir-636 MI0003651 2.37e+03 chr17 76736450 76736548 − —hsa-mir-637 MI0003652 744 chr19 3961414 3961512 − — hsa-mir-638MI0003653 227 chr19 10718404 10718503 + — hsa-mir-639 MI0003654 677chr19 14529543 14529640 + — hsa-mir-640 MI0003655 137 chr19 1943506319435158 + — hsa-mir-641 MI0003656 92.4 chr19 40282543 40282641 − —hsa-mir-642a MI0003657 202 chr19 45674928 45675024 + ✓ hsa-mir-642bMI0016685 172 chr19 45674932 45675008 − — hsa-mir-643 MI0003658 17.2chr19 52281797 52281893 + — hsa-mir-644a MI0003659 49.9 chr20 3446632534466418 + — hsa-mir-645 MI0003660 21 chr20 50585786 50585879 + —hsa-mir-646 MI0003661 38 chr20 60308474 60308567 + — hsa-mir-647MI0003662 338 chr20 63942631 63942726 − — hsa-mir-648 MI0003663 106chr22 17980868 17980961 − — hsa-mir-649 MI0003664 46.1 chr22 2103417621034272 − — hsa-mir-650 MI0003665 109 chr22 22822776 22822871 + —hsa-mir-651 MI0003666 168 chrX 8126965 8127061 + ✓ hsa-mir-652 MI00036671.58e+03 chrX 110055329 110055426 + ✓ hsa-mir-653 MI0003674 109 chr793482760 93482855 − — hsa-mir-654 MI0003676 227 chr14 101040219101040299 + ✓ hsa-mir-655 MI0003677 222 chr14 101049550 101049646 + —hsa-mir-656 MI0003678 73.9 chr14 101066724 101066801 + — hsa-mir-657MI0003681 130 chr17 81125276 81125373 − — hsa-mir-658 MI0003682 96.1chr22 37844272 37844371 − — hsa-mir-659 MI0003683 57.9 chr22 3784767837847774 − — hsa-mir-660 MI0003684 1.22e+03 chrX 50013241 50013337 + ✓hsa-mir-661 MI0003669 65.4 chr8 143945191 143945279 − — hsa-mir-662MI0003670 65.2 chr16 770183 770277 + — hsa-mir-663a MI0003672 654 chr2026208186 26208278 − — hsa-mir-663b MI0006336 286 chr2 132256966132257080 − — hsa-mir-664a MI0006442 979 chr1 220200538 220200619 − —hsa-mir-664b MI0019134 198 chrX 154768596 154768656 + ✓ hsa-mir-665MI0005563 225 chr14 100875033 100875104 + — hsa-mir-668 MI0003761 12.7chr14 101055258 101055323 + — hsa-mir-670 MI0003933 26.6 chr11 4355965643559753 + — hsa-mir-671 MI0003760 589 chr7 151238421 151238538 + ✓hsa-mir-675 MI0005416 1.31e+03 chr11 1996759 1996831 − ✓ hsa-mir-676MI0016436 42.4 chrX 70022857 70022923 + — hsa-mir-708 MI0005543 943chr11 79402022 79402109 − ✓ hsa-mir-711 MI0012488 68.4 chr3 4857890248578977 − — hsa-mir-718 MI0012489 236 chrX 154019920 154019989 − —hsa-mir-744 MI0005559 1.22e+03 chr17 12081899 12081996 + ✓ hsa-mir-758MI0003757 212 chr14 101026020 101026107 + ✓ hsa-mir-759 MI0004065 71.6chr13 52810050 52810140 + — hsa-mir-760 MI0005567 753 chr1 9384683293846911 + — hsa-mir-761 MI0003941 164 chr1 51836344 51836402 − —hsa-mir-762 MI0003892 192 chr16 30893903 30893985 + — hsa-mir-764MI0003944 47.3 chrX 114639435 114639519 + — hsa-mir-765 MI0005116 188chr1 156936131 156936244 − — hsa-mir-766 MI0003836 503 chrX 119646738119646848 − ✓ hsa-mir-767 MI0003763 283 chrX 152393421 152393529 − ✓hsa-mir-769 MI0003834 243 chr19 46018932 46019049 + ✓ hsa-mir-770MI0005118 46.7 chr14 100852390 100852487 + — hsa-mir-802 MI0003906 40.1chr21 35720715 35720808 + — hsa-mir-873 MI0005564 316 chr9 2888887928888955 − ✓ hsa-mir-874 MI0005532 494 chr5 137647572 137647649 − ✓hsa-mir-875 MI0005541 60.4 chr8 99536786 99536861 − — hsa-mir-876MI0005542 368 chr9 28863626 28863706 − ✓ hsa-mir-877 MI0005561 888 chr630584332 30584417 + — hsa-mir-885 MI0005560 184 chr3 10394489 10394562 −✓ hsa-mir-887 MI0005562 343 chr5 15935182 15935260 + ✓ hsa-mir-888MI0005537 7.45 chrX 145994784 145994860 − — hsa-mir-889 MI0005540 178chr14 101047901 101047979 + — hsa-mir-890 MI0005533 33.8 chrX 145994275145994351 − — hsa-mir-891a MI0005524 38.9 chrX 146027794 146027872 − —hsa-mir-891b MI0005534 16.1 chrX 146001053 146001131 − — hsa-mir-892aMI0005528 0.506 chrX 145996669 145996743 − — hsa-mir-892b MI0005538 32.3chrX 145997198 145997274 − — hsa-mir-892c MI0022560 287 chrX 145992750145992826 − — hsa-mir-920 MI0005712 37.5 chr12 24212421 24212495 + —hsa-mir-921 MI0005713 33.8 chr1 166154743 166154798 − — hsa-mir-922MI0005714 166 chr3 197674496 197674576 − — hsa-mir-924 MI0005716 372chr18 39622123 39622175 − — hsa-mir-933 MI0005755 31.1 chr2 175167633175167709 − — hsa-mir-934 MI0005756 202 chrX 136550878 136550960 + —hsa-mir-935 MI0005757 873 chr19 53982307 53982397 + — hsa-mir-936MI0005758 36.2 chr10 104048089 104048186 − — hsa-mir-937 MI0005759 59.1chr8 143812957 143813042 − — hsa-mir-938 MI0005760 30.3 chr10 2960226429602346 − — hsa-mir-939 MI0005761 92.7 chr8 144394149 144394230 − —hsa-mir-940 MI0005762 321 chr16 2271747 2271840 + — hsa-mir-941-1MI0005763 601 chr20 63919449 63919520 + — hsa-mir-941-2 MI0005764 611chr20 63919505 63919576 + — hsa-mir-941-3 MI0005765 591 chr20 6391956163919632 + — hsa-mir-941-4 MI0005766 590 chr20 63919756 63919827 + —hsa-mir-941-5 MI0031520 280 chr20 63919868 63919939 + ✓ hsa-mir-942MI0005767 208 chr1 117094643 117094728 + ✓ hsa-mir-943 MI0005768 16.1chr4 1986384 1986477 − — hsa-mir-944 MI0005769 864 chr3 189829922189830009 + — hsa-mir-1178 MI0006271 117 chr12 119713634 119713724 − —hsa-mir-1179 MI0006272 133 chr15 88608107 88608197 + — hsa-mir-1180MI0006273 631 chr17 19344506 19344574 − — hsa-mir-1181 MI0006274 258chr19 10403458 10403538 − — hsa-mir-1182 MI0006275 164 chr1 231019828231019924 − — hsa-mir-1183 MI0006276 78.1 chr7 21471058 21471146 + —hsa-mir-1184-1 MI0006277 248 chrX 154887360 154887458 − — hsa-mir-1184-2MI0015971 247 chrX 155383100 155383198 − — hsa-mir-1184-3 MI0015972 247chrX 155457517 155457615 + — hsa-mir-1185-1 MI0003844 223 chr14101042977 101043062 + ✓ hsa-mir-1185-2 MI0003821 243 chr14 101044198101044283 + ✓ hsa-mir-1193 MI0014205 77.8 chr14 101030052 101030129 + —hsa-mir-1197 MI0006656 31.6 chr14 101025564 101025651 + — hsa-mir-1199MI0020340 0.171 chr19 14073361 14073479 + — hsa-mir-1200 MI0006332 7.19chr7 36919357 36919432 − — hsa-mir-1202 MI0006334 81.2 chr6 155946797155946879 + — hsa-mir-1203 MI0006335 329 chr17 48156427 48156511 − —hsa-mir-1204 MI0006337 22.3 chr8 127795962 127796028 + — hsa-mir-1205MI0006338 67.8 chr8 127960633 127960695 + — hsa-mir-1206 MI0006339 —chr8 128008898 128008956 + — hsa-mir-1207 MI0006340 106 chr8 128049152128049238 + — hsa-mir-1208 MI0006341 37 chr8 128150116 128150188 + —hsa-mir-1224 MI0003764 222 chr3 184241405 184241489 + — hsa-mir-1225MI0006311 111 chr16 2090195 2090284 − — hsa-mir-1226 MI0006313 105 chr347849555 47849629 + — hsa-mir-1227 MI0006316 32.6 chr19 2234062 2234149− — hsa-mir-1228 MI0006318 160 chr12 57194504 57194576 + — hsa-mir-1229MI0006319 45.2 chr5 179798278 179798346 − — hsa-mir-1231 MI0006321 549chr1 201808611 201808702 + — hsa-mir-1233-1 MI0006323 114 chr15 3438206934382150 − — hsa-mir-1233-2 MI0015973 119 chr15 34528290 34528371 − —hsa-mir-1234 MI0006324 1.38 chr8 144400086 144400165 − — hsa-mir-1236MI0006326 49.7 chr6 31956839 31956940 − — hsa-mir-1237 MI0006327 485chr11 64368602 64368703 + — hsa-mir-1238 MI0006328 79.4 chr19 1055212210552204 + — hsa-mir-1243 MI0006373 101 chr4 113106863 113106955 + —hsa-mir-1244-1 MI0006379 84.3 chr2 231713314 231713398 + —hsa-mir-1244-2 MI0015974 92.3 chr5 118974586 118974670 + —hsa-mir-1244-3 MI0015975 92.5 chr12 9239467 9239551 − — hsa-mir-1244-4MI0031511 9.93 chr12 12111952 12112036 + — hsa-mir-1245a MI0006380 43.2chr2 188978092 188978161 + — hsa-mir-1245b MI0017431 25.7 chr2 188978093188978161 − — hsa-mir-1246 MI0006381 9.16e+03 chr2 176600980 176601052 −— hsa-mir-1247 MI0006382 540 chr14 101560287 101560422 − — hsa-mir-1248MI0006383 166 chr3 186786672 186786777 + — hsa-mir-1249 MI0006384 247chr22 45200954 45201019 − ✓ hsa-mir-1250 MI0006385 19.4 chr17 8113319681133308 − — hsa-mir-1251 MI0006386 19.8 chr12 97491909 97491978 + —hsa-mir-1252 MI0006434 41.4 chr12 79419257 79419321 + — hsa-mir-1253MI0006387  4.8e+03 chr17 2748078 2748182 − — hsa-mir-1254-1 MI0006388397 chr10 68759318 68759414 + — hsa-mir-1254-2 MI0016747 210 chr1023393405 23393467 + — hsa-mir-1255a MI0006389 281 chr4 101330302101330414 − — hsa-mir-1255b-1 MI0006435 242 chr4 36426366 36426428 − —hsa-mir-1255b-2 MI0006436 192 chr1 167998660 167998726 + — hsa-mir-1256MI0006390 25.6 chr1 20988314 20988432 − — hsa-mir-1257 MI0006391 49.2chr20 61953546 61953662 − — hsa-mir-1258 MI0006392 22.4 chr2 179860836179860908 − — hsa-mir-1260a MI0006394 2.05e+03 chr14 77266218 77266290 +— hsa-mir-1260b MI0014197 2.02e+03 chr11 96341438 96341526 + —hsa-mir-1261 MI0006396 1.46e+03 chr11 90869121 90869202 − — hsa-mir-1262MI0006397 92.5 chr1 68183518 68183610 − — hsa-mir-1263 MI0006398 0.772chr3 164171471 164171556 − — hsa-mir-1264 MI0003758 212 chrX 114652655114652723 + — hsa-mir-1265 MI0006401 755 chr10 14436576 14436661 + —hsa-mir-1266 MI0006403 69.5 chr15 52277117 52277200 − — hsa-mir-1267MI0006404 61.7 chr13 107531171 107531248 − — hsa-mir-1268a MI00064051.13e+03 chr15 22225278 22225329 − — hsa-mir-1268b MI0016748 516 chr1780098828 80098877 + — hsa-mir-1269a MI0006406 1.82e+03 chr4 6627682466276928 + — hsa-mir-1269b MI0016888 1.77e+03 chr17 12917268 12917342 −— hsa-mir-1270 MI0006407 127 chr19 20399272 20399354 − — hsa-mir-1271MI0003814 336 chr5 176367946 176368031 + ✓ hsa-mir-1272 MI0006408 75.4chr15 64762387 64762515 − — hsa-mir-1273a MI0006409 1.93e+03 chr8100023982 100024084 − — hsa-mir-1273c MI0014171 435 chr6 154853360154853436 + — hsa-mir-1273d MI0014254 645 chr1 10227718 10227803 + —hsa-mir-1273e MI0016059 1.22e+03 chr17 64425069 64425170 − —hsa-mir-1273f MI0018002  1.4e+03 chr1 52928674 52928772 + —hsa-mir-1273g MI0018003 946 chr1 52940314 52940413 + — hsa-mir-1273hMI0025512 2.83 chr16 24203116 24203231 + — hsa-mir-1275 MI00064153.32e+03 chr6 33999972 34000051 − — hsa-mir-1276 MI0006416 58 chr1585770496 85770578 − — hsa-mir-1277 MI0006419 133 chrX 118386394118386471 + — hsa-mir-1278 MI0006425 134 chr1 193136503 193136583 + ✓hsa-mir-1279 MI0006426 21.1 chr12 69273157 69273218 − — hsa-mir-1281MI0006428 561 chr22 41092513 41092566 + — hsa-mir-1282 MI0006429 284chr15 43793659 43793759 − — hsa-mir-1283-1 MI0003832 395 chr19 5368848153688567 + — hsa-mir-1283-2 MI0006430 470 chr19 53758232 53758318 + —hsa-mir-1284 MI0006431 72.1 chr3 71541970 71542089 − — hsa-mir-1285-1MI0006346 686 chr7 92204015 92204098 − ✓ hsa-mir-1285-2 MI0006347 748chr2 70252918 70253005 − — hsa-mir-1286 MI0006348 120 chr22 2024913420249211 − — hsa-mir-1287 MI0006349 161 chr10 98395218 98395307 − ✓hsa-mir-1288 MI0006432 36.7 chr17 16282014 16282088 + — hsa-mir-1289-1MI0006350 756 chr20 35453954 35454097 − — hsa-mir-1289-2 MI0006351 27.6chr5 133427596 133427706 − — hsa-mir-1290 MI0006352 2.55e+03 chr118897071 18897148 − — hsa-mir-1291 MI0006353 102 chr12 48654444 48654530− — hsa-mir-1292 MI0006433 36 chr20 2652777 2652842 + — hsa-mir-1293MI0006355 176 chr12 50234142 50234212 − — hsa-mir-1294 MI0006356 146chr5 154347106 154347247 + — hsa-mir-1295a MI0006357 89.4 chr1 171101728171101806 − — hsa-mir-1295b MI0019146 — chr1 171101739 171101798 + —hsa-mir-1296 MI0003780 449 chr10 63372957 63373048 − ✓ hsa-mir-1297MI0006358 224 chr13 54311972 54312048 − — hsa-mir-1298 MI0003938 22.1chrX 114715233 114715344 + — hsa-mir-1299 MI0006359 235 chr9 4092901040929092 − — hsa-mir-1301 MI0003815 652 chr2 25328640 25328721 − —hsa-mir-1302-1 MI0006362 30.1 chr12 112695034 112695176 − —hsa-mir-1302- MI0015979 178 chr15 101960459 101960596 − — 10hsa-mir-1302- MI0015980 193 chr19 71973 72110 + — 11 hsa-mir-1302-2MI0006363 193 chr1 30366 30503 + — hsa-mir-1302-3 MI0006364 178 chr2113582959 113583096 − — hsa-mir-1302-4 MI0006365 192 chr2 207269275207269424 − — hsa-mir-1302-5 MI0006366 56.8 chr20 50614636 50614785 − —hsa-mir-1302-6 MI0006367 40.4 chr7 18127220 18127309 − — hsa-mir-1302-7MI0006368 34.7 chr8 141786242 141786313 − — hsa-mir-1302-8 MI000636931.9 chr9 97363554 97363681 − — hsa-mir-1302-9 MI0015978 193 chr9 3014430281 + — hsa-mir-1303 MI0006370 997 chr5 154685776 154685861 + —hsa-mir-1304 MI0006371 189 chr11 93733674 93733764 − ✓ hsa-mir-1305MI0006372 54 chr4 182169293 182169378 + — hsa-mir-1306 MI0006443 213chr22 20086058 20086142 + ✓ hsa-mir-1307 MI0006444 2.11e+03 chr10103394253 103394401 − ✓ hsa-mir-1321 MI0006652 73.3 chrX 8583578085835858 + — hsa-mir-1322 MI0006653 45.2 chr8 10825373 10825443 − —hsa-mir-1323 MI0003786 200 chr19 53671968 53672040 + — hsa-mir-1324MI0006657 83.1 chr3 75630763 75630858 + — hsa-mir-1343 MI0017320 45.3chr11 34941837 34941920 + — hsa-mir-1468 MI0003782 78.6 chrX 6378600263786087 − — hsa-mir-1469 MI0007074 117 chr15 96333261 96333307 + —hsa-mir-1470 MI0007075 700 chr19 15449548 15449608 + — hsa-mir-1471MI0007076 24.4 chr2 231892242 231892298 − — hsa-mir-1537 MI0007258 41.5chr1 235853000 235853060 − — hsa-mir-1538 MI0007259 221 chr16 6956580869565868 − — hsa-mir-1539 MI0007260 — chr18 49487373 49487422 + —hsa-mir-1587 MI0016905 46.1 chrX 39837561 39837613 + — hsa-mir-1825MI0008193 371 chr20 32237795 32237847 + — hsa-mir-1827 MI0008195 185chr12 100189884 100189949 + — hsa-mir-1908 MI0008329 680 chr11 6181516161815240 − ✓ hsa-mir-1909 MI0008330 71 chr19 1816159 1816238 − —hsa-mir-1910 MI0008331 72.6 chr16 85741621 85741700 − ✓ hsa-mir-1911MI0008332 40.4 chrX 114763184 114763263 + — hsa-mir-1912 MI0008333 90.3chrX 114651544 114651623 + — hsa-mir-1913 MI0008334 48.1 chr6 166509354166509433 − — hsa-mir-1914 MI0008335 20 chr20 63941465 63941544 − —hsa-mir-1915 MI0008336 1.45e+03 chr10 21496562 21496641 − —hsa-mir-1972-1 MI0009982 307 chr16 15010321 15010397 − — hsa-mir-1972-2MI0015977 338 chr16 70030346 70030422 + — hsa-mir-1973 MI0009983 835chr4 116299725 116299768 + — hsa-mir-1976 MI0009986 115 chr1 2655454226554593 + — hsa-mir-2052 MI0010486 — chr8 74705693 74705747 + —hsa-mir-2053 MI0010487 20 chr8 112643493 112643583 + — hsa-mir-2054MI0010488 37 chr4 125507259 125507307 + — hsa-mir-2110 MI0010629 248chr10 114174105 114174179 − — hsa-mir-2113 MI0003939 15.7 chr6 9802453198024621 + — hsa-mir-2114 MI0010633 89 chrX 150228004 150228083 + —hsa-mir-2115 MI0010634 51.6 chr3 48316360 48316459 − — hsa-mir-2116MI0010635 99.6 chr15 59171183 59171262 − ✓ hsa-mir-2117 MI0010636 18.5chr17 43444806 43444885 + — hsa-mir-2276 MI0011282 45.2 chr13 2416241624162504 + — hsa-mir-2277 MI0011284 43.9 chr5 93620696 93620788 − —hsa-mir-2278 MI0011285 87.9 chr9 94809962 94810057 + — hsa-mir-2355MI0015873 198 chr2 207109987 207110073 − — hsa-mir-2392 MI0016870 85.4chr14 100814491 100814574 + — hsa-mir-2467 MI0017432 28.8 chr2 239351724239351804 − — hsa-mir-2681 MI0012062 54.4 chr13 101967642 101967746 − —hsa-mir-2682 MI0012063 121 chr1 98045242 98045351 − — hsa-mir-2861MI0013006 195 chr9 127785918 127786007 + — hsa-mir-2909 MI0013083 86.7chr17 37033745 37033813 + — hsa-mir-3064 MI0017375 28.9 chr17 6450077464500839 − — hsa-mir-3065 MI0014228 96.2 chr17 81125877 81125955 + ✓hsa-mir-3074 MI0014181 52.4 chr9 95086014 95086094 − ✓ hsa-mir-3115MI0014127 21.7 chr1 23044305 23044372 + — hsa-mir-3116-1 MI0014128 13.8chr1 62078786 62078859 + — hsa-mir-3116-2 MI0014129 32.7 chr1 6207878962078856 − — hsa-mir-3117 MI0014130 63.5 chr1 66628440 66628517 + —hsa-mir-3118-1 MI0014131 10.4 chr21 13644775 13644850 − — hsa-mir-3118-2MI0014132 12 chr15 20832795 20832869 + — hsa-mir-3118-3 MI0014133 12chr15 21406385 21406459 + — hsa-mir-3118-4 MI0014207 13.8 chr15 2184375021843824 + — hsa-mir-3119-1 MI0014134 15.7 chr1 170151378 170151462 − —hsa-mir-3119-2 MI0014135 27.1 chr1 170151378 170151462 + — hsa-mir-3120MI0014136 46.8 chr1 172138808 172138888 + — hsa-mir-3121 MI0014137 17.3chr1 180438314 180438390 − — hsa-mir-3122 MI0014138 37.1 chr1 212077613212077685 + — hsa-mir-3123 MI0014139 1.12e+03 chr1 241132272 241132346 +— hsa-mir-3124 MI0014140 34.9 chr1 248826377 248826413 + — hsa-mir-3125MI0014142 33.8 chr2 12737367 12737444 + — hsa-mir-3126 MI0014143 16.3chr2 69103682 69103755 + — hsa-mir-3127 MI0014144 78.8 chr2 9679827896798353 + — hsa-mir-3128 MI0014145 13.6 chr2 177255945 177256010 − —hsa-mir-3129 MI0014146 47.8 chr2 189133036 189133111 − — hsa-mir-3130-1MI0014147 129 chr2 206783234 206783308 − ✓ hsa-mir-3130-2 MI0014148 131chr2 206783234 206783308 + ✓ hsa-mir-3131 MI0014151 84.7 chr2 219058688219058750 − — hsa-mir-3132 MI0014152 71.1 chr2 219549073 219549147 − —hsa-mir-3133 MI0014153 32.8 chr2 241477905 241477982 + — hsa-mir-3134MI0014155 41.5 chr3 15697298 15697371 − — hsa-mir-3135a MI0014156 118chr3 20137565 20137641 + — hsa-mir-3135b MI0016809 316 chr6 3274991232749979 − — hsa-mir-3136 MI0014158 59.3 chr3 69048958 69049035 − —hsa-mir-3137 MI0014160 48.4 chr3 195134506 195134580 − — hsa-mir-3138MI0014161 65.9 chr4 10078611 10078692 − — hsa-mir-3139 MI0014162 20.9chr4 143343460 143343535 + — hsa-mir-3140 MI0014163 34.6 chr4 152489327152489416 − ✓ hsa-mir-3141 MI0014165 578 chr5 154596012 154596072 − —hsa-mir-3142 MI0014166 52.8 chr5 160474402 160474483 + — hsa-mir-3143MI0014167 33.7 chr6 27147626 27147688 + — hsa-mir-3144 MI0014169 92.5chr6 120015179 120015257 + ✓ hsa-mir-3145 MI0014170 29.9 chr6 138435213138435294 − — hsa-mir-3146 MI0014172 6.44 chr7 19705358 19705436 − —hsa-mir-3147 MI0014173 187 chr7 57405025 57405090 + — hsa-mir-3148MI0014175 82.9 chr8 29957272 29957348 − — hsa-mir-3149 MI0014176 172chr8 76966768 76966850 − — hsa-mir-3150a MI0014177 24.5 chr8 9507291495072993 + — hsa-mir-3150b MI0016426 348 chr8 95072911 95072996 − —hsa-mir-3151 MI0014178 49.6 chr8 103154614 103154689 + — hsa-mir-3152MI0014179 22.4 chr9 18573306 18573379 + — hsa-mir-3153 MI0014180 20.2chr9 89312225 89312306 + — hsa-mir-3154 MI0014182 105 chr9 128244947128245030 − — hsa-mir-3155a MI0014183 31.2 chr10 6152196 6152277 + —hsa-mir-3155b MI0016839 126 chr10 6152207 6152262 − — hsa-mir-3156-1MI0014184 50.8 chr10 45164014 45164088 + — hsa-mir-3156-2 MI0014230 50.8chr18 14830166 14830242 + — hsa-mir-3156-3 MI0014242 55.9 chr21 1340638413406460 − — hsa-mir-3157 MI0014185 45.4 chr10 96064315 96064399 − —hsa-mir-3158-1 MI0014186 59.7 chr10 101601417 101601497 + ✓hsa-mir-3158-2 MI0014187 62 chr10 101601417 101601497 − — hsa-mir-3159MI0014188 723 chr11 18387787 18387860 + — hsa-mir-3160-1 MI0014189 119chr11 46451805 46451889 − — hsa-mir-3160-2 MI0014190 100 chr11 4645180746451887 + — hsa-mir-3161 MI0014191 31.7 chr11 48096782 48096858 + —hsa-mir-3162 MI0014192 209 chr11 59595077 59595158 − — hsa-mir-3163MI0014193 62.4 chr11 66934434 66934506 − — hsa-mir-3164 MI0014194 46.5chr11 69083176 69083258 + — hsa-mir-3165 MI0014195 52.8 chr11 7207222872072302 − — hsa-mir-3166 MI0014196 21.6 chr11 88176502 88176593 + —hsa-mir-3167 MI0014198 34.3 chr11 126988458 126988542 − — hsa-mir-3168MI0014199 139 chr13 41101019 41101100 − — hsa-mir-3169 MI0014200 30.7chr13 61199798 61199880 − — hsa-mir-3170 MI0014201 101 chr13 9820852498208600 + — hsa-mir-3171 MI0014202 36.3 chr14 27633205 27633278 − —hsa-mir-3173 MI0014204 40.7 chr14 95137919 95137986 − — hsa-mir-3174MI0014208 15 chr15 90006755 90006841 + — hsa-mir-3175 MI0014209 180chr15 92904399 92904475 + — hsa-mir-3176 MI0014210 62.1 chr16 543277543366 + — hsa-mir-3177 MI0014211 29.8 chr16 1734985 1735066 + —hsa-mir-3178 MI0014212 1.36e+03 chr16 2531922 2532005 − — hsa-mir-3179-1MI0014213 41.6 chr16 14901508 14901591 + — hsa-mir-3179-2 MI0014216 41.4chr16 16300159 16300242 + — hsa-mir-3179-3 MI0014221 41.6 chr16 1841189418411977 − — hsa-mir-3179-4 MI0031510 44.5 chr16 18494493 18494576 − —hsa-mir-3180-1 MI0014214 860 chr16 14911220 14911313 + — hsa-mir-3180-2MI0014215 811 chr16 16309879 16309966 + — hsa-mir-3180-3 MI0014217 770chr16 18402178 18402271 − — hsa-mir-3180-4 MI0016408 476 chr16 1515485015155002 − — hsa-mir-3180-5 MI0016409 739 chr16 2135977 2136129 − —hsa-mir-3181 MI0014223 55.2 chr16 50742305 50742377 + — hsa-mir-3182MI0014224 53.2 chr16 83508346 83508408 + — hsa-mir-3183 MI0014225 107chr17 1022476 1022559 − — hsa-mir-3184 MI0014226 60.1 chr17 3011708630117160 − — hsa-mir-3185 MI0014227 188 chr17 48724408 48724475 − —hsa-mir-3186 MI0014229 62.8 chr17 81451104 81451188 − — hsa-mir-3187MI0014231 35.9 chr19 813584 813653 + — hsa-mir-3188 MI0014232 30.7 chr1918282077 18282161 + — hsa-mir-3189 MI0014233 53.8 chr19 1838656218386634 + — hsa-mir-3190 MI0014235 59.4 chr19 47226942 47227021 + —hsa-mir-3191 MI0014236 13.4 chr19 47226944 47227019 − — hsa-mir-3192MI0014237 48.5 chr20 18470615 18470691 + — hsa-mir-3193 MI0014238 15.6chr20 31607186 31607240 + — hsa-mir-3194 MI0014239 83.8 chr20 5145290551452977 − — hsa-mir-3195 MI0014240 5.28e+03 chr20 62064802 62064885 + —hsa-mir-3196 MI0014241 791 chr20 63238779 63238842 + — hsa-mir-3197MI0014245 184 chr21 41167557 41167629 + — hsa-mir-3198-1 MI0014246 45.8chr22 17764180 17764259 − — hsa-mir-3198-2 MI0017335 41.8 chr12 5423139754231476 − — hsa-mir-3199-1 MI0014247 46.1 chr22 27920525 27920612 − —hsa-mir-3199-2 MI0014248 44.8 chr22 27920526 27920611 + — hsa-mir-3200MI0014249 143 chr22 30731557 30731641 + — hsa-mir-3201 MI0014250 46.3chr22 48274364 48274415 + — hsa-mir-3202-1 MI0014252 308 chrX 153981097153981177 + — hsa-mir-3202-2 MI0014253 288 chrX 153981098 153981176 − —hsa-mir-3529 MI0017351 27.5 chr15 88611847 88611924 − — hsa-mir-3591MI0017383 33.9 chr18 58451080 58451152 − — hsa-mir-3605 MI0015995 114chr1 33332393 33332492 − ✓ hsa-mir-3606 MI0015996 233 chr2 188995630188995692 + — hsa-mir-3607 MI0015997 347 chr5 86620497 86620575 + —hsa-mir-3609 MI0015999 392 chr7 98881650 98881729 + — hsa-mir-3610MI0016000 158 chr8 116874728 116874800 − — hsa-mir-3611 MI0016001 216chr10 35079598 35079680 − — hsa-mir-3612 MI0016002 149 chr12 128294092128294178 + — hsa-mir-3613 MI0016003 588 chr13 49996415 49996501 − ✓hsa-mir-3614 MI0016004 256 chr17 56891270 56891355 − ✓ hsa-mir-3615MI0016005 737 chr17 74748613 74748699 + — hsa-mir-3616 MI0016006 133chr20 47166967 47167058 + — hsa-mir-3617 MI0016007 28.5 chr20 4570510245705180 − — hsa-mir-3618 MI0016008 72.6 chr22 20085746 20085833 + —hsa-mir-3619 MI0016009 30.1 chr22 46091044 46091126 + — hsa-mir-3620MI0016011 63.7 chr1 228097263 228097341 + — hsa-mir-3621 MI0016012 189chr9 137169186 137169270 − — hsa-mir-3622a MI0016013 167 chr8 2770167727701759 + — hsa-mir-3622b MI0016014 40.4 chr8 27701673 27701767 − —hsa-mir-3646 MI0016046 30.5 chr20 44408120 44408203 + — hsa-mir-3648-1MI0016048 1.01e+03 chr21 8208473 8208652 + — hsa-mir-3648-2 MI003151229.2 chr21 8986999 8987178 + — hsa-mir-3649 MI0016049 37 chr12 16603151660380 − — hsa-mir-3650 MI0016050 120 chr5 38557502 38557561 − —hsa-mir-3651 MI0016051 209 chr9 92292458 92292547 − — hsa-mir-3652MI0016052 554 chr12 103930425 103930555 + — hsa-mir-3653 MI0016053 413chr22 29333158 29333267 − — hsa-mir-3654 MI0016054 45.3 chr7 133034860133034915 − — hsa-mir-3655 MI0016055 11.7 chr5 140647844 140647926 + —hsa-mir-3656 MI0016056  2.6e+03 chr11 119018944 119019012 + —hsa-mir-3657 MI0016057 36.2 chr12 112037599 112037715 − — hsa-mir-3658MI0016058 71 chr1 165907921 165907976 + — hsa-mir-3659 MI0016060 64.7chr1 38089231 38089329 + — hsa-mir-3660 MI0016061 60.8 chr5 9001662190016720 − — hsa-mir-3661 MI0016062 23 chr5 134225757 134225852 + —hsa-mir-3662 MI0016063 20.8 chr6 134979338 134979432 − — hsa-mir-3663MI0016064 164 chr10 117167678 117167774 − — hsa-mir-3664 MI0016065 109chr11 70872270 70872368 − — hsa-mir-3665 MI0016066 3.77e+03 chr1377698012 77698116 − — hsa-mir-3666 MI0016067 177 chr7 114653345114653455 + — hsa-mir-3667 MI0016068 143 chr22 49543393 49543466 − —hsa-mir-3668 MI0016069 15.5 chr6 140205252 140205326 + — hsa-mir-3670-1MI0016071 9.62 chr16 14907717 14907781 + — hsa-mir-3670-2 MI0019112 9.62chr16 16306370 16306434 + — hsa-mir-3670-3 MI0031513 — chr16 1840569818405762 − — hsa-mir-3670-4 MI0031514 — chr16 18488301 18488365 − —hsa-mir-3671 MI0016072 — chr1 65057755 65057842 − — hsa-mir-3672MI0016073 — chrX 121370972 121371053 + — hsa-mir-3674 MI0016075 74.7chr8 1801125 1801192 + — hsa-mir-3675 MI0016076 0.197 chr1 1685894916859021 − — hsa-mir-3677 MI0016078 32.3 chr16 2270713 2270772 + —hsa-mir-3678 MI0016079 20.7 chr17 75406069 75406162 + — hsa-mir-3679MI0016080 64.1 chr2 134127125 134127192 + — hsa-mir-3680-1 MI001608145.8 chr16 21506049 21506135 − — hsa-mir-3680-2 MI0019113 56.3 chr1629599179 29599265 − — hsa-mir-3681 MI0016082 5.55 chr2 1219913012199201 + — hsa-mir-3682 MI0016083 13.9 chr2 53849122 53849205 − —hsa-mir-3683 MI0016084 51 chr7 7066964 7067045 − — hsa-mir-3684MI0016085 1.29 chr4 98997387 98997460 + — hsa-mir-3685 MI0016086 15.3chr12 95309923 95309984 + — hsa-mir-3686 MI0016087 541 chr8 129484057129484142 − — hsa-mir-3687-1 MI0016088 465 chr21 8208844 8208904 + —hsa-mir-3687-2 MI0031515 281 chr21 8987370 8987430 + — hsa-mir-3688-1MI0016089 51.9 chr4 159128802 159128894 − — hsa-mir-3688-2 MI0017447 64chr4 159128805 159128891 + — hsa-mir-3689a MI0016090 37 chr9 134849487134849564 − — hsa-mir-3689b MI0016411 85.3 chr9 134850125 134850272 − —hsa-mir-3689c MI0016832 44.5 chr9 134849298 134849369 − —hsa-mir-3689d-1 MI0016834 55.1 chr9 134849609 134849682 − —hsa-mir-3689d-2 MI0016835 35.7 chr9 134850277 134850356 − —hsa-mir-3689c MI0016836 54.3 chr9 134850570 134850641 − — hsa-mir-3689fMI0016837 35 chr9 134850742 134850807 − — hsa-mir-3690-1 MI0016091 115chrX 1293918 1293992 + — hsa-mir-3690-2 MI0023561 51.3 chrY 12939181293992 + — hsa-mir-3691 MI0016092 47.4 chr6 5148233 5148322 − —hsa-mir-3692 MI0016093 4.92 chr6 157529132 157529200 + — hsa-mir-3713MI0016134 67.3 chr15 76586647 76586691 + — hsa-mir-3714 MI0016135 37.7chr3 16933196 16933260 + — hsa-mir-3907 MI0016410 203 chr7 151433489151433639 − — hsa-mir-3908 MI0016412 378 chr12 123536409 123536534 + —hsa-mir-3909 MI0016413 387 chr22 35335640 35335758 + — hsa-mir-3910-1MI0016414 102 chr9 91636251 91636361 + — hsa-mir-3910-2 MI0016431 104chr9 91636264 91636345 − — hsa-mir-3911 MI0016415 319 chr9 127690687127690795 − — hsa-mir-3912 MI0016416 20.4 chr5 171386656 171386760 − —hsa-mir-3913-1 MI0016417 140 chr12 69584722 69584823 − — hsa-mir-3913-2MI0016418 135 chr12 69584723 69584822 + — hsa-mir-3914-1 MI0016419 211chr7 71307672 71307770 − — hsa-mir-3914-2 MI0016421 112 chr7 7130767471307768 + — hsa-mir-3915 MI0016420 43.9 chrX 32583656 32583752 − —hsa-mir-3916 MI0016422 733 chr1 247201967 247202060 − — hsa-mir-3917MI0016423 68.5 chr1 25906362 25906454 − — hsa-mir-3918 MI0016424 21.6chr6 158764661 158764753 − — hsa-mir-3919 MI0016425 2.55 chr3 159282646159282734 + — hsa-mir-3920 MI0016427 30.2 chr11 101519820 101519905 − —hsa-mir-3921 MI0016428 21.7 chr3 99964314 99964398 − — hsa-mir-3922MI0016429 68 chr12 104591633 104591716 + — hsa-mir-3923 MI0016430 52.8chr3 79507887 79507969 + — hsa-mir-3924 MI0016432 42.4 chr10 5730447957304559 − — hsa-mir-3925 MI0016433 12.9 chr6 36622436 36622512 − —hsa-mir-3926-1 MI0016434 96.5 chr8 12727232 12727304 − — hsa-mir-3926-2MI0016437 54.9 chr8 12727237 12727299 + — hsa-mir-3927 MI0016435 134chr9 109511475 109511545 − — hsa-mir-3928 MI0016438 130 chr22 3116006231160119 − — hsa-mir-3929 MI0016439 1.12e+03 chr18 35934088 35934142 − —hsa-mir-3934 MI0016590 268 chr6 33698128 33698234 + — hsa-mir-3935MI0016591 101 chr16 56245520 56245623 + — hsa-mir-3936 MI0016592 8.96chr5 132365490 132365599 − — hsa-mir-3937 MI0016593 20.6 chrX 3966121639661321 + — hsa-mir-3938 MI0016594 148 chr3 55852492 55852594 − —hsa-mir-3939 MI0016596 11.4 chr6 166997807 166997912 − — hsa-mir-3940MI0016597 64.5 chr19 6416410 6416511 − — hsa-mir-3941 MI0016598 28 chr10122416965 122417067 + — hsa-mir-3942 MI0016599 71 chr15 3537225635372364 − — hsa-mir-3943 MI0016600 33.3 chr7 43150895 43150994 + —hsa-mir-3944 MI0016601 43.5 chr10 133371556 133371663 − — hsa-mir-3945MI0016602 42.9 chr4 184851013 184851110 − — hsa-mir-3960 MI00169644.68e+03 chr9 127785833 127785923 + — hsa-mir-3972 MI0016990 58 chr117277889 17277975 + — hsa-mir-3973 MI0016991 102 chr11 3601009836010204 + — hsa-mir-3974 MI0016992 17.8 chr12 17673299 17673394 + —hsa-mir-3975 MI0016993 17.7 chr18 35591737 35591806 + — hsa-mir-3976MI0016994 30.5 chr18 5840695 5840833 + — hsa-mir-3977 MI0016995 — chr582840155 82840224 + — hsa-mir-3978 MI0016996 17.5 chrX 110082118110082218 + — hsa-mir-4251 MI0015861 0.171 chr1 3127975 3128035 + —hsa-mir-4252 MI0015864 275 chr1 6429834 6429896 − — hsa-mir-4253MI0015860 11 chr1 22863159 22863226 − — hsa-mir-4254 MI0015862 358 chr131758660 31758735 − — hsa-mir-4255 MI0015863 169 chr1 3716156337161634 + — hsa-mir-4256 MI0015855 68.9 chr1 112461770 112461833 − —hsa-mir-4257 MI0015856 34.2 chr1 150551929 150552014 + — hsa-mir-4258MI0015857 1.23e+03 chr1 154975693 154975783 + — hsa-mir-4259 MI0015858125 chr1 159899979 159900079 − — hsa-mir-4260 MI0015859 0.171 chr1209623444 209623510 − — hsa-mir-4261 MI0015868 79.5 chr2 1019261410192671 − — hsa-mir-4262 MI0015872 42.4 chr2 11836933 11836986 − —hsa-mir-4263 MI0015876 62.3 chr2 27996367 27996449 + — hsa-mir-4264MI0015877 36.3 chr2 79649294 79649359 − — hsa-mir-4265 MI0015869 38 chr2109141490 109141588 − — hsa-mir-4266 MI0015870 143 chr2 109313571109313625 − — hsa-mir-4267 MI0015871 29 chr2 110069961 110070042 − —hsa-mir-4268 MI0015874 9.62 chr2 219906502 219906565 − — hsa-mir-4269MI0015875 88.5 chr2 239305462 239305545 + — hsa-mir-4270 MI0015878 173chr3 15496239 15496308 − — hsa-mir-4271 MI0015879 183 chr3 4927412049274186 + — hsa-mir-4272 MI0015880 42.4 chr3 67225464 67225527 + —hsa-mir-4273 MI0015881 297 chr3 75738280 75738363 + — hsa-mir-4274MI0015884 57.2 chr4 7460028 7460118 + — hsa-mir-4275 MI0015883 18.2 chr428819582 28819668 + — hsa-mir-4276 MI0015882 37 chr4 174423795174423864 + — hsa-mir-4277 MI0015886 106 chr5 1708785 1708868 − —hsa-mir-4278 MI0015888 97.8 chr5 6827853 6827921 − — hsa-mir-4279MI0015887 779 chr5 31936102 31936159 − — hsa-mir-4280 MI0015889 46.2chr5 87114879 87114954 − — hsa-mir-4281 MI0015885 332 chr5 176629439176629500 − — hsa-mir-4282 MI0015890 21.3 chr6 72967687 72967753 − —hsa-mir-4283-1 MI0015892 79.4 chr7 56955785 56955864 − — hsa-mir-4283-2MI0015982 79.4 chr7 63621090 63621169 + — hsa-mir-4284 MI00158931.49e+03 chr7 73711317 73711397 + — hsa-mir-4285 MI0015891 1.87 chr7102293103 102293187 + — hsa-mir-4286 MI0015894 1.36e+03 chr8 1066697810667070 + — hsa-mir-4287 MI0015895 60.7 chr8 27886039 27886116 − —hsa-mir-4288 MI0015896 178 chr8 28505116 28505182 − — hsa-mir-4289MI0015898 620 chr9 88745836 88745905 − — hsa-mir-4290 MI0015899 53.5chr9 90023441 90023535 − — hsa-mir-4291 MI0015900 139 chr9 9381935793819421 + — hsa-mir-4292 MI0015897 53.4 chr9 136830957 136831023 + —hsa-mir-4293 MI0015826 66.5 chr10 14383200 14383277 − — hsa-mir-4294MI0015827 138 chr10 48985512 48985587 − — hsa-mir-4295 MI0015822 13.5chr10 112634170 112634254 + — hsa-mir-4296 MI0015823 142 chr10 125032783125032870 − — hsa-mir-4297 MI0015824 — chr10 129843299 129843374 − —hsa-mir-4298 MI0015830 168 chr11 1859464 1859536 − — hsa-mir-4299MI0015829 136 chr11 11656651 11656722 − — hsa-mir-4300 MI0015831 98.8chr11 81890741 81890836 − — hsa-mir-4301 MI0015828 67.8 chr12 113450023113450088 − — hsa-mir-4302 MI0015833 61.5 chr12 25874020 25874079 − —hsa-mir-4303 MI0015834 42.4 chr12 97995383 97995448 − — hsa-mir-4304MI0015832 6.16 chr12 123010667 123010728 − — hsa-mir-4305 MI0015835 60.9chr13 39664034 39664135 − — hsa-mir-4306 MI0015836 311 chr13 9964305999643149 + — hsa-mir-4307 MI0015838 234 chr14 26908642 26908725 + —hsa-mir-4308 MI0015839 93.4 chr14 54878113 54878193 − — hsa-mir-4309MI0015837 86.7 chr14 102539644 102539726 + — hsa-mir-4310 MI00158400.322 chr15 41866495 41866551 − — hsa-mir-4311 MI0015841 156 chr1566040233 66040332 + — hsa-mir-4312 MI0015842 62.6 chr15 6880185068801925 − — hsa-mir-4313 MI0015843 82 chr15 75762215 75762315 − —hsa-mir-4314 MI0015846 46.7 chr17 8088056 8088147 + — hsa-mir-4315-1MI0015844 — chr17 45475363 45475435 − — hsa-mir-4315-2 MI0015983 0.222chr17 64822030 64822102 − — hsa-mir-4316 MI0015845 16.4 chr17 7739698477397054 − — hsa-mir-4317 MI0015850 781 chr18 6374361 6374425 − —hsa-mir-4318 MI0015847 — chr18 37657135 37657215 + — hsa-mir-4319MI0015848 120 chr18 44970082 44970166 − — hsa-mir-4320 MI0015849 14.3chr18 50126499 50126563 − — hsa-mir-4321 MI0015852 833 chr19 22506392250718 + — hsa-mir-4322 MI0015851 117 chr19 10230413 10230485 + —hsa-mir-4323 MI0015853 81.2 chr19 42133445 42133513 − — hsa-mir-4324MI0015854  1.7e+03 chr19 49308797 49308868 − — hsa-mir-4325 MI001586541.3 chr20 57321502 57321591 − — hsa-mir-4326 MI0015866 46.8 chr2063286808 63286866 + — hsa-mir-4327 MI0015867 62.2 chr21 3037529430375378 − — hsa-mir-4328 MI0015904 799 chrX 78901194 78901249 − —hsa-mir-4329 MI0015901 60.7 chrX 112780718 112780788 − — hsa-mir-4330MI0015902 106 chrX 151168222 151168326 + — hsa-mir-4417 MI0016753 532chr1 5564071 5564143 + — hsa-mir-4418 MI0016754 42.4 chr1 2226623922266300 + — hsa-mir-4419a MI0016755  2.8e+03 chr1 23057858 23057934 − —hsa-mir-4419b MI0016861 209 chr12 128244506 128244573 + — hsa-mir-4420MI0016757 36 chr1 30739156 30739232 − — hsa-mir-4421 MI0016758 1.04 chr151059837 51059905 + — hsa-mir-4422 MI0016759 37.6 chr1 5522564155225723 + — hsa-mir-4423 MI0016760 245 chr1 85133794 85133873 + —hsa-mir-4424 MI0016763 8.49 chr1 178677749 178677834 + — hsa-mir-4425MI0016764 327 chr1 25023503 25023586 + — hsa-mir-4426 MI0016765 108 chr1192716328 192716390 + — hsa-mir-4427 MI0016766 74 chr1 233624152233624219 + — hsa-mir-4428 MI0016767 55.8 chr1 237471119 237471191 + —hsa-mir-4429 MI0016768 1.19e+03 chr2 11540605 11540677 − — hsa-mir-4430MI0016769 217 chr2 33418516 33418564 + — hsa-mir-4431 MI0016771 155 chr252702522 52702615 − — hsa-mir-4432 MI0016772 78.8 chr2 60387362 60387445− — hsa-mir-4433a MI0016773 22 chr2 64340759 64340839 + — hsa-mir-4433bMI0025511 8.23 chr2 64340747 64340848 − — hsa-mir-4434 MI0016774 1.9e+03 chr2 64525513 64525565 + — hsa-mir-4435-1 MI0016775 69.5 chr287629755 87629834 + — hsa-mir-4435-2 MI0016777 69.5 chr2 111321013111321086 − — hsa-mir-4436a MI0016776 26 chr2 88812370 88812454 + —hsa-mir-4436b-1 MI0017425 81.3 chr2 110086433 110086523 − —hsa-mir-4436b-2 MI0019110 75.6 chr2 110284853 110284943 + — hsa-mir-4437MI0016778 38.4 chr2 181305593 181305652 − — hsa-mir-4438 MI0016781 13.9chr2 213758067 213758159 + — hsa-mir-4439 MI0016782 15.5 chr2 225010461225010540 − — hsa-mir-4440 MI0016783 35.8 chr2 239068817 239068914 − —hsa-mir-4441 MI0016784 12.6 chr2 239085827 239085926 − — hsa-mir-4442MI0016785 179 chr3 25664873 25664939 − — hsa-mir-4443 MI0016786 8.43e+03chr3 48196564 48196616 + — hsa-mir-4444-1 MI0016787 116 chr2 177212726177212799 + — hsa-mir-4444-2 MI0019111 119 chr3 75214476 75214549 + —hsa-mir-4445 MI0016788 4.01 chr3 109602828 109602897 + — hsa-mir-4446MI0016789 72.5 chr3 113594876 113594942 + — hsa-mir-4447 MI0016790 80.3chr3 116850277 116850367 − — hsa-mir-4448 MI0016791 353 chr3 183886800183886885 + — hsa-mir-4449 MI0016792 7.11e+03 chr4 52712682 52712747 + —hsa-mir-4450 MI0016795 24.3 chr4 76573568 76573632 + — hsa-mir-4451MI0016797 286 chr4 85722468 85722533 + — hsa-mir-4452 MI0016798 134 chr486542482 86542552 − — hsa-mir-4453 MI0016799 140 chr4 152536428152536516 + — hsa-mir-4454 MI0016800 1.57e+03 chr4 163093574 163093628 −— hsa-mir-4455 MI0016801 132 chr4 184938383 184938440 − — hsa-mir-4456MI0016802 22.8 chr5 535840 535882 − — hsa-mir-4457 MI0016803 6.59 chr51309310 1309377 − — hsa-mir-4458 MI0016804 139 chr5 8460925 8460999 + —hsa-mir-4459 MI0016805 1.48e+03 chr5 54075518 54075583 − — hsa-mir-4460MI0016806 13.3 chr5 129397062 129397147 − — hsa-mir-4461 MI0016807 82.1chr5 134928039 134928112 + — hsa-mir-4462 MI0016810 124 chr6 3755536537555422 − — hsa-mir-4463 MI0016811 15.1 chr6 75428407 75428473 + —hsa-mir-4464 MI0016812 114 chr6 90312742 90312833 + — hsa-mir-4465MI0016816 — chr6 140683814 140683883 + — hsa-mir-4466 MI0016817 502 chr6156779678 156779731 − — hsa-mir-4467 MI0016818 235 chr7 102471469102471531 + — hsa-mir-4468 MI0016819 428 chr7 138123758 138123821 + —hsa-mir-4469 MI0016820 77.4 chr8 42896197 42896275 − — hsa-mir-4470MI0016821 70.6 chr8 61714788 61714859 + — hsa-mir-4471 MI0016822 2 chr8100382763 100382845 + — hsa-mir-4472-1 MI0016823 107 chr8 142176339142176418 + — hsa-mir-4472-2 MI0016824 506 chr12 116428252 116428318 − —hsa-mir-4473 MI0016825 27.1 chr9 20411148 20411238 − — hsa-mir-4474MI0016826 1.63 chr9 20502265 20502342 − — hsa-mir-4475 MI0016827 18 chr936823539 36823599 − — hsa-mir-4476 MI0016828 130 chr9 36893462 36893531− — hsa-mir-4477a MI0016829 294 chr9 41233755 41233835 + — hsa-mir-4477bMI0016830 38.9 chr9 63819574 63819654 + — hsa-mir-4478 MI0016831 119chr9 122120082 122120167 − — hsa-mir-4479 MI0016838 129 chr9 136886733136886803 + — hsa-mir-4480 MI0016841 95.2 chr10 12578753 12578823 + —hsa-mir-4481 MI0016842 47.1 chr10 12653138 12653197 − — hsa-mir-4482MI0016843 19.3 chr10 104268336 104268405 − — hsa-mir-4483 MI0016844 28.2chr10 113777993 113778054 − — hsa-mir-4484 MI0016845 972 chr10 125819740125819822 + — hsa-mir-4485 MI0016846 1.17e+03 chr11 10508270 10508326 −— hsa-mir-4486 MI0016847 24.1 chr11 19575310 19575372 + — hsa-mir-4487MI0016848 90 chr11 47400970 47401042 + — hsa-mir-4488 MI0016849 1.59e+03chr11 61508596 61508657 + — hsa-mir-4489 MI0016850 18.2 chr11 6564919265649253 + — hsa-mir-4490 MI0016852 3.31 chr11 90555774 90555857 − —hsa-mir-4491 MI0016853 28.2 chr11 111347757 111347824 + — hsa-mir-4492MI0016854 715 chr11 118910708 118910787 + — hsa-mir-4493 MI0016855 47.2chr11 123381440 123381512 − — hsa-mir-4494 MI0016856 11 chr12 4736418647364269 − — hsa-mir-4495 MI0016857 90.8 chr12 97939056 97939121 − —hsa-mir-4496 MI0016858 42.5 chr12 108635810 108635870 + — hsa-mir-4497MI0016859 3.26e+03 chr12 109833348 109833436 + — hsa-mir-4498 MI001686015 chr12 120155434 120155499 − — hsa-mir-4499 MI0016862 54.8 chr1320433778 20433846 − — hsa-mir-4500 MI0016863 183 chr13 87618665 87618740− — hsa-mir-4501 MI0016864 305 chr13 96427229 96427292 + — hsa-mir-4502MI0016865 92 chr13 114273828 114273908 + — hsa-mir-4503 MI0016866 —chr14 36952309 36952391 − — hsa-mir-4504 MI0016867 95 chr14 5029985550299946 − — hsa-mir-4505 MI0016868 25.1 chr14 73758747 73758819 + —hsa-mir-4506 MI0016869 14.2 chr14 93948226 93948302 − — hsa-mir-4507MI0016871 46.3 chr14 105858124 105858175 − — hsa-mir-4508 MI00168721.43e+03 chr15 23562062 23562131 − — hsa-mir-4509-1 MI0016873 — chr1523197827 23197920 + — hsa-mir-4509-2 MI0016874 0.171 chr15 2842649128426584 + — hsa-mir-4509-3 MI0016875 0.748 chr15 28490752 28490845 − —hsa-mir-4510 MI0016876 2.19e+03 chr15 35926856 35926923 + — hsa-mir-4511MI0016877 96.3 chr15 65719246 65719332 − — hsa-mir-4512 MI0016878 531chr15 66496958 66497034 − — hsa-mir-4513 MI0016879 41.8 chr15 7478867274788757 − — hsa-mir-4514 MI0016880 0.0977 chr15 80997417 80997473 − —hsa-mir-4515 MI0016881 41.2 chr15 83067335 83067415 + — hsa-mir-4516MI0016882 3.24e+03 chr16 21331919 2133204 + — hsa-mir-4517 MI001688328.1 chr16 28958583 28958661 + — hsa-mir-4518 MI0016884 211 chr1630503919 30504001 + — hsa-mir-4519 MI0016885 23.9 chr16 3087526630875323 − — hsa-mir-4520-1 MI0016886 20.7 chr17 6655440 6655509 − —hsa-mir-4520-2 MI0017358 43 chr17 6655449 6655502 + — hsa-mir-4521MI0016887 441 chr17 8186945 8187004 + — hsa-mir-4522 MI0016889 21.9chr17 27293910 27293996 − — hsa-mir-4523 MI0016890 87.2 chr17 2939066229390730 + — hsa-mir-4524a MI0016891 45.1 chr17 69099564 69099632 − ✓hsa-mir-4524b MI0019114 44.3 chr17 69099542 69099656 + — hsa-mir-4525MI0016892 60.7 chr17 82668233 82668307 − — hsa-mir-4526 MI0016893 74chr18 13611114 13611200 + — hsa-mir-4527 MI0016894 47.7 chr18 4738049647380565 + — hsa-mir-4528 MI0016895 0.856 chr18 53237101 53237190 + —hsa-mir-4529 MI0016896 21.7 chr18 55479221 55479298 + — hsa-mir-4530MI0016897 116 chr19 39409623 39409678 − — hsa-mir-4531 MI0016898 758chr19 44653686 44653732 − — hsa-mir-4532 MI0016899 6.16e+03 chr2057895394 57895444 + — hsa-mir-4533 MI0016900 239 chr20 6047811160478181 + — hsa-mir-4534 MI0016901 14.7 chr22 37988794 37988853 + —hsa-mir-4535 MI0016903 — chr22 48780295 48780353 + — hsa-mir-4536-1MI0016906 1.06e+03 chrX 55451495 55451582 − ✓ hsa-mir-4536-2 MI00191491.11e+03 chrX 55451495 55451582 + — hsa-mir-4537 MI0016908 129 chr14105859484 105859553 − — hsa-mir-4538 MI0016909 9.38 chr14 105858165105858242 − — hsa-mir-4539 MI0016910 8.93 chr14 105857513 105857572 − —hsa-mir-4540 MI0016911 — chr9 36864254 36864308 − — hsa-mir-4632MI0017259 411 chr1 12191713 12191773 + — hsa-mir-4633 MI0017260 64.8chr5 129097688 129097766 + — hsa-mir-4634 MI0017261 343 chr5 174751734174751787 + — hsa-mir-4635 MI0017262 59.8 chr5 1062896 1062974 − —hsa-mir-4636 MI0017263 38.8 chr5 9053816 9053895 − — hsa-mir-4637MI0017264 3.6 chr5 14825929 14826012 − — hsa-mir-4638 MI0017265 18.8chr5 181222566 181222633 − — hsa-mir-4639 MI0017266 12.4 chr6 1614155616141624 + — hsa-mir-4640 MI0017267 59.8 chr6 30890883 30890972 + —hsa-mir-4641 MI0017268 57.2 chr6 41598723 41598788 + — hsa-mir-4642MI0017269 15.8 chr6 44435641 44435722 + — hsa-mir-4643 MI0017270 0.222chr6 91521660 91521737 + — hsa-mir-4644 MI0017271 85.4 chr6 170330761170330844 + — hsa-mir-4645 MI0017272 58.7 chr6 2854031 2854107 − —hsa-mir-4646 MI0017273 54.1 chr6 31701029 31701091 − — hsa-mir-4647MI0017274 60.1 chr6 44254206 44254285 − — hsa-mir-4648 MI0017275 6.75chr7 2527074 2527145 + — hsa-mir-4649 MI0017276 23.8 chr7 4411084944110912 + — hsa-mir-4650-1 MI0017277 245 chr7 67114322 67114397 − —hsa-mir-4650-2 MI0017278 221 chr7 72697903 72697978 + — hsa-mir-4651MI0017279 46.3 chr7 75915197 75915269 + — hsa-mir-4652 MI0017280 4.92chr7 93716928 93717005 + — hsa-mir-4653 MI0017281 23.3 chr7 101159473101159555 + — hsa-mir-4654 MI0017282 44.1 chr1 162157107 162157182 + —hsa-mir-4655 MI0017283 291 chr7 1844180 1844253 − — hsa-mir-4656MI0017284 112 chr7 4788565 4788639 − — hsa-mir-4657 MI0017285 21.8 chr744881748 44881800 − — hsa-mir-4658 MI0017286 31.5 chr7 100156605100156669 − — hsa-mir-4659a MI0017287 38.3 chr8 6745164 6745244 + —hsa-mir-4659b MI0017291 21.7 chr8 6745168 6745240 − — hsa-mir-4660MI0017288 103 chr8 9048445 9048518 + — hsa-mir-4661 MI0017289 111 chr891205485 91205559 + — hsa-mir-4662a MI0017290 57.8 chr8 124821985124822051 + — hsa-mir-4662b MI0017293 78.7 chr8 124821978 124822058 − —hsa-mir-4663 MI0017292 116 chr8 123215788 123215863 − — hsa-mir-4664MI0017294 105 chr8 143733083 143733153 − — hsa-mir-4665 MI0017295 30.1chr9 6007826 6007904 + — hsa-mir-4666a MI0017296 43.7 chr1 228462074228462152 + — hsa-mir-4666b MI0019299 67 chrX 29574278 29574358 + —hsa-mir-4667 MI0017297 87.4 chr9 35608094 35608159 + — hsa-mir-4668MI0017298 114 chr9 111932100 111932169 + — hsa-mir-4669 MI0017300 437chr9 134379411 134379472 + — hsa-mir-4670 MI0017301 17.2 chr9 9252798492528058 − — hsa-mir-4671 MI0017302 — chr1 234306467 234306539 + —hsa-mir-4672 MI0017303 6.6 chr9 127869415 127869495 − — hsa-mir-4673MI0017304 65.7 chr9 136519568 136519626 − — hsa-mir-4674 MI0017305 40.3chr9 136546173 136546259 − — hsa-mir-4675 MI0017306 93.3 chr10 2055197020552046 + — hsa-mir-4676 MI0017307 14.2 chr10 72721029 72721100 + —hsa-mir-4677 MI0017308 25.8 chr1 243346176 243346255 + — hsa-mir-4678MI0017309 19.9 chr10 87503881 87503954 + — hsa-mir-4679-1 MI0017310 33.7chr10 89063336 89063410 + — hsa-mir-4679-2 MI0017311 11.7 chr10 8906333589063411 − — hsa-mir-4680 MI0017312 10.9 chr10 110898090 110898155 + —hsa-mir-4681 MI0017313 6.02 chr10 119377972 119378043 + — hsa-mir-4682MI0017314 63.1 chr10 119958513 119958592 + — hsa-mir-4683 MI0017315 155chr10 35641172 35641252 − — hsa-mir-4684 MI0017316 16.8 chr1 2271951722719598 + — hsa-mir-4685 MI0017317 71.6 chr10 98431292 98431360 − —hsa-mir-4686 MI0017318 37.2 chr11 2173063 2173138 + — hsa-mir-4687MI0017319 147 chr11 3856062 3856141 + — hsa-mir-4688 MI0017321 25.9chr11 46376402 46376484 + — hsa-mir-4689 MI0017322 202 chr1 58626725862741 − — hsa-mir-4690 MI0017323 21.8 chr11 65636310 65636369 + —hsa-mir-4691 MI0017324 20.2 chr11 68033897 68033981 + — hsa-mir-4692MI0017325 2.23 chr11 72783530 72783592 + — hsa-mir-4693 MI0017326 127chr11 103849906 103849980 + — hsa-mir-4694 MI0017327 9.15 chr11 1976000419760083 − — hsa-mir-4695 MI0017328 119 chr1 18883202 18883275 − —hsa-mir-4696 MI0017329 129 chr11 74720268 74720337 − — hsa-mir-4697MI0017330 3.01 chr11 133898504 133898581 − — hsa-mir-4698 MI0017331 125chr12 47187812 47187891 + — hsa-mir-4699 MI0017332 18.8 chr12 8115838881158461 + — hsa-mir-4700 MI0017333 24.3 chr12 120723193 120723266 + —hsa-mir-4701 MI0017334 8.02 chr12 48771975 48772037 − — hsa-mir-4703MI0017336 287 chr13 51552589 51552667 + — hsa-mir-4704 MI0017337 79.8chr13 66218250 66218324 + — hsa-mir-4705 MI0017338 506 chr13 102045934102046004 − — hsa-mir-4706 MI0017339 225 chr14 65044688 65044769 + —hsa-mir-4707 MI0017340 840 chr14 22956950 22957029 − ✓ hsa-mir-4708MI0017341 112 chr14 65335117 65335183 − — hsa-mir-4709 MI0017342 159chr14 74480133 74480204 − — hsa-mir-4710 MI0017344 130 chr14 104677694104677749 − — hsa-mir-4711 MI0017345 9.4 chr1 59733227 59733296 − —hsa-mir-4712 MI0017346 26.5 chr15 50360329 50360410 + — hsa-mir-4713MI0017347 38.7 chr15 51242190 51242264 + — hsa-mir-4714 MI0017348 36.1chr15 98784426 98784502 + — hsa-mir-4715 MI0017349 69.1 chr15 2584874725848825 − — hsa-mir-4716 MI0017350 170 chr15 49169070 49169153 − —hsa-mir-4717 MI0017352 3.77 chr16 2274620 2274691 + — hsa-mir-4718MI0017353 — chr16 12720321 12720371 + — hsa-mir-4719 MI0017354 20.8chr16 76868936 76869019 + — hsa-mir-4720 MI0017355 — chr16 8138501881385093 + — hsa-mir-4721 MI0017356 27 chr16 28843919 28844007 − —hsa-mir-4722 MI0017357 92.1 chr16 88716278 88716337 − — hsa-mir-4723MI0017359 34.1 chr17 28360654 28360734 + — hsa-mir-4724 MI0017361 242chr17 31534883 31534971 + — hsa-mir-4725 MI0017362 148 chr17 3157526931575358 + — hsa-mir-4726 MI0017363 99.7 chr17 38719691 38719748 + —hsa-mir-4727 MI0017364 20.4 chr17 38825838 38825892 + — hsa-mir-4728MI0017365 69.7 chr17 39726495 39726561 + — hsa-mir-4729 MI0017366 40chr17 59366083 59366154 + — hsa-mir-4730 MI0017367   4e+03 chr1780419418 80419493 + — hsa-mir-4731 MI0017368 46.1 chr17 1525162715251696 − — hsa-mir-4732 MI0017369 61.5 chr17 28861655 28861730 − —hsa-mir-4733 MI0017370 23.7 chr17 31094350 31094425 − — hsa-mir-4734MI0017371 83.9 chr17 38702262 38702331 − — hsa-mir-4735 MI0017372 28.5chr1 196582413 196582481 − — hsa-mir-4736 MI0017373 4.22 chr17 5833597658336022 − — hsa-mir-4737 MI0017374 74 chr17 60043025 60043105 − —hsa-mir-4738 MI0017376 137 chr17 75784521 75784607 − — hsa-mir-4739MI0017377 370 chr17 79707176 79707249 − — hsa-mir-4740 MI0017378 0.222chr17 81400716 81400778 − — hsa-mir-4741 MI0017379 150 chr18 2293334922933438 + — hsa-mir-4742 MI0017380 27 chr1 224398227 224398311 − —hsa-mir-4743 MI0017381 20.3 chr18 48670600 48670668 + — hsa-mir-4744MI0017382 38.7 chr18 49049687 49049768 − — hsa-mir-4745 MI0017384 31.3chr19 804940 805001 + — hsa-mir-4746 MI0017385 18.9 chr19 44459784446048 + — hsa-mir-4747 MI0017386 17.3 chr19 4932687 4932740 + —hsa-mir-4748 MI0017387 46.8 chr19 10780254 10780335 + — hsa-mir-4749MI0017388 471 chr19 49854591 49854651 + — hsa-mir-4750 MI0017389 101chr19 49888175 49888230 + — hsa-mir-4751 MI0017390 57 chr19 4993306449933137 + — hsa-mir-4752 MI0017391 9.85 chr19 54282109 54282180 + —hsa-mir-4753 MI0017392 37.2 chr1 235190034 235190116 − — hsa-mir-4754MI0017394 62.1 chr19 58386770 58386858 − — hsa-mir-4755 MI0017395 129chr20 34049119 34049190 + ✓ hsa-mir-4756 MI0017397 550 chr20 5406840854068485 − — hsa-mir-4757 MI0017398 12.1 chr2 19348429 19348505 + —hsa-mir-4758 MI0017399 34.5 chr20 62332487 62332557 − — hsa-mir-4759MI0017400 69.1 chr21 26953961 26954043 + — hsa-mir-4760 MI0017401 13.2chr21 40212352 40212431 − — hsa-mir-4761 MI0017402 66.1 chr22 1996375319963834 + — hsa-mir-4762 MI0017403 11.4 chr22 45760524 45760598 + —hsa-mir-4763 MI0017404 415 chr22 46113566 46113657 + — hsa-mir-4764MI0017405 41.1 chr22 33436582 33436669 − — hsa-mir-4765 MI0017406 27chr2 32635255 32635331 + — hsa-mir-4766 MI0017407 71.2 chr22 4081388340813958 − — hsa-mir-4767 MI0017408 328 chrX 7147860 7147937 + —hsa-mir-4768 MI0017409 148 chrX 17425881 17425954 + — hsa-mir-4769MI0017410 85.5 chrX 47587429 47587505 + — hsa-mir-4770 MI0017411 29.9chrX 6383906 6383963 − — hsa-mir-4771-1 MI0017412 19.4 chr2 8719478687194859 + — hsa-mir-4771-2 MI0017413 28.1 chr2 111771061 111771134 − —hsa-mir-4772 MI0017414 96.8 chr2 102432289 102432366 + — hsa-mir-4773-1MI0017415 42.7 chr2 151368334 151368411 + — hsa-mir-4773-2 MI0017416 161chr2 151368334 151368411 − — hsa-mir-4774 MI0017417 5.46 chr2 168582943168583018 + — hsa-mir-4775 MI0017418 153 chr2 207754807 207754881 + —hsa-mir-4776-1 MI0017419 122 chr2 212926257 212926336 + — hsa-mir-4776-2MI0017420 76.7 chr2 212926257 212926336 − — hsa-mir-4777 MI0017421 24.8chr2 231362708 231362793 + — hsa-mir-4778 MI0017422 118 chr2 6635824966358328 − — hsa-mir-4779 MI0017423 3.5 chr2 86193026 86193108 − —hsa-mir-4780 MI0017424 56.7 chr2 88082519 88082599 − — hsa-mir-4781MI0017426 27.1 chr1 54054079 54054154 + — hsa-mir-4782 MI0017427 30.7chr2 113721290 113721368 − — hsa-mir-4783 MI0017428 102 chr2 127423537127423618 − — hsa-mir-4784 MI0017429 11.4 chr2 131491160 131491236 − —hsa-mir-4785 MI0017430 55.3 chr2 160407810 160407882 − — hsa-mir-4786MI0017433 34.7 chr2 239943015 239943094 − — hsa-mir-4787 MI0017434 577chr3 50675080 50675163 + ✓ hsa-mir-4788 MI0017435 47.7 chr3 134437827134437906 + — hsa-mir-4789 MI0017436 37.5 chr3 175369540 175369621 + —hsa-mir-4790 MI0017437 121 chr3 5250177 5250255 − — hsa-mir-4791MI0017438 161 chr3 19314848 19314931 − — hsa-mir-4792 MI0017439 1.95e+03chr3 24521362 24521435 − — hsa-mir-4793 MI0017440 52 chr3 4864419448644280 − — hsa-mir-4794 MI0017441 0.149 chr1 64579847 64579923 + —hsa-mir-4795 MI0017442 30.1 chr3 87226189 87226277 − — hsa-mir-4796MI0017443 13.5 chr3 114743445 114743525 − — hsa-mir-4797 MI0017444 19chr3 197293878 197293948 − — hsa-mir-4798 MI0017445 1.82 chr4 73104507310524 + — hsa-mir-4799 MI0017446 10.1 chr4 147782595 147782668 + —hsa-mir-4800 MI0017448 280 chr4 2250077 2250156 − — hsa-mir-4801MI0017449 85.4 chr4 37241910 37241991 − — hsa-mir-4802 MI0017450 21.8chr4 40502040 40502119 − — hsa-mir-4803 MI0017451 7.43 chr5 7216946772169540 + — hsa-mir-4804 MI0017452 43.7 chr5 72878591 72878663 + —hsa-mir-4999 MI0017865 21 chr19 8389290 8389380 − — hsa-mir-5000MI0017866 3.97e+03 chr2 75090812 75090914 + — hsa-mir-5001 MI001786753.3 chr2 232550474 232550573 − ✓ hsa-mir-5002 MI0017868 271 chr3124132929 124133025 + — hsa-mir-5003 MI0017869 148 chr5 172662165172662263 + — hsa-mir-5004 MI0017870 48.8 chr6 33438331 33438437 + —hsa-mir-5006 MI0017873 47.8 chr13 41568286 41568395 − — hsa-mir-5007MI0017874 78.9 chr13 55174454 55174548 + — hsa-mir-5008 MI0017876 52.4chr1 227941590 227941683 − — hsa-mir-5009 MI0017877 48.3 chr15 8988393189884030 − — hsa-mir-5010 MI0017878 126 chr17 42514188 42514307 + ✓hsa-mir-5011 MI0017879 — chr18 67081584 67081686 + — hsa-mir-5047MI0017932 12.4 chr17 64501214 64501313 − — hsa-mir-5087 MI0017976 155chr1 148334479 148334554 − — hsa-mir-5088 MI0017977 310 chr19 4968211749682195 + — hsa-mir-5089 MI0017978 11.2 chr17 46973017 46973100 + —hsa-mir-5090 MI0017979 71.6 chr7 102465742 102465826 + — hsa-mir-5091MI0017980 93.6 chr4 13627865 13627957 + — hsa-mir-5092 MI0017981 44.5chr3 125151465 125151552 − — hsa-mir-5093 MI0017982 32.9 chr16 8530622685306325 − — hsa-mir-5094 MI0017983 135 chr15 89850637 89850721 − —hsa-mir-5095 MI0018001 824 chr1 52934930 52935017 + — hsa-mir-5096MI0018004 778 chr4 78820752 78820821 + — hsa-mir-5100 MI0019116 747chr10 42997563 42997681 + — hsa-mir-5186 MI0018165 110 chr3 151565876151565995 − — hsa-mir-5187 MI0018166 133 chr1 161227186 161227261 + —hsa-mir-5188 MI0018167 18.9 chr12 124915547 124915659 + — hsa-mir-5189MI0018168 137 chr16 88468918 88469031 + — hsa-mir-5190 MI0018169 123chr18 13459947 13460026 + — hsa-mir-5191 MI0018170 110 chr1 201719508201719627 + — hsa-mir-5192 MI0018171 163 chr2 62205826 62205917 + —hsa-mir-5193 MI0018172 120 chr3 49806137 49806245 − — hsa-mir-5194MI0018173 39.5 chr8 130008334 130008453 − — hsa-mir-5195 MI0018174 47chr14 106850885 106850999 − — hsa-mir-5196 MI0018175 69.1 chr19 3534551335345627 + ✓ hsa-mir-5197 MI0018176 38.8 chr5 143679860 143679971 + —hsa-mir-5571 MI0019115 280 chr22 22886267 22886379 + — hsa-mir-5572MI0019117 224 chr15 80581103 80581239 + — hsa-mir-5579 MI0019133 47.8chr11 79422169 79422226 − — hsa-mir-5580 MI0019135 9.62 chr14 5394842753948484 − — hsa-mir-5581 MI0019136 32.6 chr1 37500935 37500994 − —hsa-mir-5582 MI0019138 24.8 chr11 46753125 46753192 − — hsa-mir-5583-1MI0019139 — chr18 39676721 39676779 + — hsa-mir-5583-2 MI0019140 0.748chr18 39676719 39676777 − — hsa-mir-5584 MI0019141 46.3 chr1 4454549344545552 + — hsa-mir-5585 MI0019142 578 chr1 32086949 32087007 + —hsa-mir-5586 MI0019143 42.7 chr14 59646962 59647020 − — hsa-mir-5587MI0019144 81 chr16 535316 535368 + — hsa-mir-5588 MI0019147 107 chr3185253210 185253272 − — hsa-mir-5589 MI0019148 — chr19 1003835410038413 + — hsa-mir-5590 MI0019150 — chr2 134857820 134857873 + —hsa-mir-5591 MI0019151 42.4 chr4 39411910 39411974 + — hsa-mir-5680MI0019280 42 chr8 102125432 102125515 + — hsa-mir-5681a MI0019281 37chr8 74548543 74548617 + — hsa-mir-5681b MI0019293 120 chr8 7454855074548609 − — hsa-mir-5682 MI0019282 13.5 chr3 121049640 121049715 + —hsa-mir-5683 MI0019284 9.56 chr6 6169334 6169409 + — hsa-mir-5684MI0019285 847 chr19 12787128 12787192 + — hsa-mir-5685 MI0019287 17.3chr6 53276993 53277071 + — hsa-mir-5687 MI0019291 2.14 chr5 5550885055508926 − — hsa-mir-5688 MI0019292 0.929 chr3 85385710 85385792 + —hsa-mir-5689 MI0019294 113 chr6 10439717 10439794 + — hsa-mir-5690MI0019295 16.5 chr6 35664717 35664789 − — hsa-mir-5691 MI0019296 — chr119090312 9090379 − — hsa-mir-5692a-1 MI0019297 22.4 chr7 9796365897963726 + — hsa-mir-5692a-2 MI0019298 11.6 chr8 12719132 12719190 + —hsa-mir-5692b MI0019311 18.7 chr21 42950928 42951014 − — hsa-mir-5692c-1MI0019288 22.2 chr5 135802985 135803075 − — hsa-mir-5692c-2 MI001928955.1 chr7 97964405 97964481 − — hsa-mir-5693 MI0019300 60.6 chr1351348567 51348639 − — hsa-mir-5694 MI0019301 55 chr14 67441855 67441930− — hsa-mir-5695 MI0019302 28.5 chr19 12920320 12920404 + — hsa-mir-5696MI0019303 11.6 chr2 101309450 101309534 + — hsa-mir-5697 MI0019304 7.84chr1 9967381 9967458 + — hsa-mir-5698 MI0019305 28 chr1 154104521154104592 − — hsa-mir-5699 MI0019306 288 chr10 641689 641778 − —hsa-mir-5700 MI0019307 27.3 chr12 94561789 94561859 + — hsa-mir-5701-1MI0019308 824 chr15 20940252 20940333 + — hsa-mir-5701-2 MI0019593 861chr15 21513959 21514040 + — hsa-mir-5701-3 MI0031522 1.81 chr15 2195124221951323 + — hsa-mir-5702 MI0019309 — chr2 226658710 226658793 − —hsa-mir-5703 MI0019310 184 chr2 227472132 227472187 + — hsa-mir-5704MI0019312 17.3 chr3 131985855 131985931 − — hsa-mir-5705 MI0019313 86.4chr4 87300495 87300583 − — hsa-mir-5706 MI0019314 15.2 chr5 119154637119154716 + — hsa-mir-5707 MI0019315 17.3 chr7 158591616 158591696 + —hsa-mir-5708 MI0019316 290 chr8 80241389 80241473 + — hsa-mir-5739MI0019412 112 chr22 28459869 28459948 + — hsa-mir-5787 MI0019797 171chr3 50227436 50227490 + — hsa-mir-6068 MI0020345 — chr1 6332692563326984 − — hsa-mir-6069 MI0020346 84.9 chr22 35336721 35336799 − —hsa-mir-6070 MI0020347 107 chr21 43609887 43609989 − — hsa-mir-6071MI0020348 33.2 chr2 85783600 85783677 − — hsa-mir-6072 MI0020349 361chr10 2076019 2076089 − — hsa-mir-6073 MI0020350 167 chr11 1596953315969621 − — hsa-mir-6074 MI0020351 79.2 chr12 66023620 66023726 − —hsa-mir-6075 MI0020352 75.2 chr5 1510762 1510856 − — hsa-mir-6076MI0020353 171 chr14 49966399 49966511 + — hsa-mir-6077 MI0020354 58.6chr1 148388282 148388363 + — hsa-mir-6078 MI0020355 74.7 chr10 39911603991259 + — hsa-mir-6079 MI0020356 — chr1 43838622 43838683 + —hsa-mir-6080 MI0020357 40.6 chr17 64780759 64780824 + — hsa-mir-6081MI0020358 21 chr9 95065350 95065446 + — hsa-mir-6082 MI0020359 21.3 chr4171186184 171186292 + — hsa-mir-6083 MI0020360 61.7 chr3 124374332124374437 + — hsa-mir-6084 MI0020361 671 chr1 20633679 20633788 + —hsa-mir-6085 MI0020362 103 chr15 62343029 62343138 + — hsa-mir-6086MI0020363 64.5 chrX 13590292 13590346 + — hsa-mir-6087 MI00203643.66e+03 chrX 109054542 109054590 + — hsa-mir-6088 MI0020365 393 chr1945436654 45436704 + — hsa-mir-6089-1 MI0020366 350 chrX 26091912609254 + — hsa-mir-6089-2 MI0023563 350 chrY 2609191 2609254 + —hsa-mir-6090 MI0020367 172 chr11 128522390 128522449 + — hsa-mir-6124MI0021258 211 chr11 12163683 12163767 + — hsa-mir-6125 MI0021259 427chr12 62260359 62260454 + — hsa-mir-6126 MI0021260 1.23e+03 chr163485381 3485469 − − hsa-mir-6127 MI0021271 450 chr1 22633258 22633366 −— hsa-mir-6128 MI0021272 113 chr11 56743873 56743981 + — hsa-mir-6129MI0021274 265 chr17 49288346 49288454 − — hsa-mir-6130 MI00212752.83e+03 chr21 23079284 23079392 + — hsa-mir-6131 MI0021276 213 chr510478037 10478145 + — hsa-mir-6132 MI0021277 74.9 chr7 117020211117020319 + — hsa-mir-6133 MI0021278 330 chr7 133290881 133290988 + —hsa-mir-6134 MI0021279 107 chrX 28495555 28495663 − — hsa-mir-6165MI0021472 136 chr17 49510817 49510900 + — hsa-mir-6499 MI0022209 290chr5 151522087 151522148 − — hsa-mir-6500 MI0022211 59.9 chr1 5106001851060103 + — hsa-mir-6501 MI0022213 40.8 chr21 33550662 33550728 + —hsa-mir-6502 MI0022214 23.7 chr12 66251082 66251157 + — hsa-mir-6503MI0022215 91.8 chr11 60209071 60209156 − ✓ hsa-mir-6504 MI0022216 68.9chr16 81611348 81611408 + — hsa-mir-6505 MI0022217 66.6 chr12 4813279748132867 + — hsa-mir-6506 MI0022218 6.84 chr16 15611030 15611095 − —hsa-mir-6507 MI0022219 80.1 chr10 98924499 98924568 − — hsa-mir-6508MI0022220 7.65 chr21 39447010 39447069 + — hsa-mir-6509 MI0022221 8.35chr7 135206994 135207078 − — hsa-mir-6510 MI0022222 232 chr17 4151716441517217 − — hsa-mir-6511a-1 MI0022223 114 chr16 14925937 14926003 + ✓hsa-mir-6511a-2 MI0023564 106 chr16 16324588 16324654 + ✓hsa-mir-6511a-3 MI0023565 116 chr16 16368876 16368942 + —hsa-mir-6511a-4 MI0023566 105 chr16 18344013 18344079 − ✓hsa-mir-6511b-1 MI0022552 113 chr16 2106669 2106753 − — hsa-mir-6511b-2MI0023431 — chr16 15134075 15134145 − — hsa-mir-6512 MI0022224 196 chr2177313806 177313882 − — hsa-mir-6513 MI0022225 29.1 chr2 218280125218280188 − — hsa-mir-6514 MI0022226 19.8 chr11 62792702 62792771 − —hsa-mir-6515 MI0022227 69.7 chr19 12940484 12940540 + — hsa-mir-6516MI0025513 1.87 chr17 77089417 77089497 + — hsa-mir-6715a MI0022548 25.6chr10 112299612 112299690 + — hsa-mir-6715b MI0022549 24 chr10 112299612112299688 − — hsa-mir-6716 MI0022550 45.7 chr11 118644000 118644079 + —hsa-mir-6717 MI0022551 28.3 chr14 21023314 21023386 − — hsa-mir-6718MI0022553 65 chr18 3885353 3885432 + — hsa-mir-6719 MI0022554 29.4 chr1939829716 39829802 − — hsa-mir-6720 MI0022555 77.1 chr6 1390314 1390411 −— hsa-mir-6721 MI0022556 48.7 chr6 32170030 32170116 − — hsa-mir-6722MI0022557 102 chr9 136746893 136746970 − — hsa-mir-6723 MI0022558 90.3chr1 632325 632413 − — hsa-mir-6724-1 MI0022559 144 chr21 82053158205406 + — hsa-mir-6724-2 MI0031516 18.2 chr21 8249505 8249596 + —hsa-mir-6724-3 MI0031517 19.6 chr21 8388362 8388453 + — hsa-mir-6724-4MI0031518 21.3 chr21 8432530 8432621 + — hsa-mir-6726 MI0022571 0.59chr1 1296110 1296170 − — hsa-mir-6727 MI0022572 0.171 chr1 13125021312566 − — hsa-mir-6728 MI0022573 0.308 chr1 8866502 8866590 − —hsa-mir-6729 MI0022574 0.171 chr1 12029158 12029222 + — hsa-mir-6730MI0022575 — chr1 12578957 12579023 − — hsa-mir-6731 MI0022576 0.2 chr124919345 24919416 − — hsa-mir-6732 MI0022577 0.2 chr1 3748023037480289 + — hsa-mir-6733 MI0022578 0.365 chr1 43171652 43171712 − —hsa-mir-6734 MI0022579 2.2 chr1 43364648 43364715 − — hsa-mir-6735MI0022580 0.602 chr1 43448539 43448611 + — hsa-mir-6736 MI0022581 1.06chr1 145850587 145850645 − — hsa-mir-6737 MI0022582 — chr1 153962351153962420 − — hsa-mir-6738 MI0022583 — chr1 155951273 155951336 − —hsa-mir-6739 MI0022584 0.238 chr1 201863373 201863447 + — hsa-mir-6740MI0022585 0.511 chr1 202003124 202003236 + — hsa-mir-6741 MI0022586 0.16chr1 225922080 225922142 − — hsa-mir-6742 MI0022587 0.171 chr1 228397048228397109 − — hsa-mir-6743 MI0022588 0.666 chr11 209336 209406 + —hsa-mir-6744 MI0022589 0.666 chr11 1256605 1256670 + — hsa-mir-6745MI0022590 0.16 chr11 47179611 47179737 − — hsa-mir-6746 MI0022591 —chr11 61878216 61878278 − — hsa-mir-6747 MI0022592 0.171 chr11 6256701162567071 − — hsa-mir-6748 MI0022593 1.39 chr11 62789815 62789885 + —hsa-mir-6749 MI0022594 0.485 chr11 64902387 64902455 − — hsa-mir-6750MI0022595 0.272 chr11 64898363 64898437 − — hsa-mir-6751 MI0022596 —chr11 65129916 65129978 − — hsa-mir-6752 MI0022597 0.645 chr11 6749024567490315 + — hsa-mir-6753 MI0022598 0.893 chr11 68044794 68044957 + —hsa-mir-6754 MI0022599 0.748 chr11 71473503 71473568 + — hsa-mir-6755MI0022600 0.993 chr11 86278333 86278398 + — hsa-mir-6756 MI0022601 1.37chr11 119312950 119313012 − — hsa-mir-6757 MI0072602 — chr12 5305694453057012 + — hsa-mir-6758 MI0022603 — chr12 57512688 57512750 − —hsa-mir-6759 MI0022604 0.271 chr12 57748618 57748682 − — hsa-mir-6760MI0022605 0.444 chr12 111304142 111304209 + — hsa-mir-6761 MI00226066.72 chr12 111799834 111799905 + — hsa-mir-6762 MI0022607 0.308 chr12113291523 113291608 + — hsa-mir-6763 MI0022608 0.2 chr12 132581997132582061 + — hsa-mir-6764 MI0022609 0.284 chr14 100277357 100277417 + —hsa-mir-6765 MI0022610 — chr14 105150778 105150864 − — hsa-mir-6766MI0022611 0.38 chr15 89326739 89326810 − — hsa-mir-6767 MI0022612 0.513chr16 2445392 2445457 + — hsa-mir-6768 MI0022613 — chr16 24639672464038 + — hsa-mir-6769a MI0022614 0.282 chr16 4671318 4671390 + —hsa-mir-6769b MI0022706 — chr1 206474803 206474864 + — hsa-mir-6770-1MI0022615 0.171 chr16 14930820 14930879 + — hsa-mir-6770-2 MI0026418 —chr16 16329305 16329364 + — hsa-mir-6770-3 MI0026419 0.63 chr16 1837935118379410 − — hsa-mir-6771 MI0022616 0.272 chr16 50292616 50292675 + —hsa-mir-6772 MI0022617 0.401 chr16 57772289 57772352 − — hsa-mir-6773MI0022618 — chr16 68233426 68233499 − — hsa-mir-6774 MI0022619 — chr1685918347 85918416 + — hsa-mir-6775 MI0022620 0.171 chr16 8783459287834660 − — hsa-mir-6776 MI0022621 — chr17 2692861 2692919 − —hsa-mir-6777 MI0022622 1.58 chr17 17813480 17813545 − — hsa-mir-6778MI0022623 0.2 chr17 18340814 18340886 − — hsa-mir-6779 MI0022624 0.748chr17 38914979 38915042 + — hsa-mir-6780a MI0022625 0.269 chr17 4270808442708151 − — hsa-mir-6780b MI0022681 0.171 chr6 43434542 43434620 + —hsa-mir-6781 MI0022626 — chr17 42823880 42823943 − — hsa-mir-6782MI0022627 — chr17 44207771 44207839 − — hsa-mir-6783 MI0022628 0.0977chr17 44934618 44934681 − — hsa-mir-6784 MI0022629 0.282 chr17 4511436745114433 − — hsa-mir-6785 MI0022630 0.451 chr17 75498548 75498628 + —hsa-mir-6786 MI0022631 1.6 chr17 81693757 81693869 + — hsa-mir-6787MI0022632 — chr17 82236668 82236728 + — hsa-mir-6788 MI0022633 0.222chr18 10759584 10759649 − — hsa-mir-6789 MI0022634 0.171 chr19 22358292235926 − — hsa-mir-6790 MI0022635 0.545 chr19 6392921 6392983 − —hsa-mir-6791 MI0022636 0.748 chr19 6736712 6736778 − — hsa-mir-6792MI0022637 0.459 chr19 7617439 7617505 + — hsa-mir-6793 MI0022638 0.5chr19 10828973 10829035 + — hsa-mir-6794 MI0022639 2.19 chr19 1285226012852327 + — hsa-mir-6795 MI0022640 — chr19 15179283 15179350 − —hsa-mir-6796 MI0022641 0.171 chr19 40369846 40369907 + — hsa-mir-6797MI0022642 0.211 chr19 41869627 41869698 + — hsa-mir-6798 MI0022643 0.797chr19 49009906 49009972 + — hsa-mir-6799 MI0022644 — chr19 4979186649791934 + — hsa-mir-6800 MI0022645 0.459 chr19 49832018 49832099 + —hsa-mir-6801 MI0022646 0.308 chr19 52222020 52222098 + — hsa-mir-6802MI0022647 0.2 chr19 55239912 55239976 − — hsa-mir-6803 MI0022648 0.2chr19 55245186 55245250 − — hsa-mir-6804 MI0022649 0.171 chr19 5523088555230952 − — hsa-mir-6805 MI0022650 0.171 chr19 55388181 55388242 + —hsa-mir-6806 MI0022651 — chr19 58334688 58334751 + — hsa-mir-6807MI0022652 0.53 chr19 58550285 58550376 + — hsa-mir-6808 MI0022653 0.222chr1 1339650 1339708 − — hsa-mir-6809 MI0022654 1.43 chr2 217900513217900628 − — hsa-mir-6810 MI0022655 0.896 chr2 218341911 218341980 + —hsa-mir-6811 MI0022656 0.195 chr2 237510931 237510988 + — hsa-mir-6812MI0022657 — chr20 45425510 45425573 + — hsa-mir-6813 MI0022658 — chr2064076955 64077010 − — hsa-mir-6814 MI0022659 — chr21 41746772 41746841 −— hsa-mir-6815 MI0022660 0.638 chr21 45478266 45478326 + — hsa-mir-6816MI0022661 0.378 chr22 20114686 20114751 − — hsa-mir-6817 MI0022662 0.222chr22 25455646 25455711 + — hsa-mir-6818 MI0022663 — chr22 3000704930007113 + — hsa-mir-6819 MI0022664 — chr22 36286847 36286907 − —hsa-mir-6820 MI0022665 — chr22 37967563 37967624 + — hsa-mir-6821MI0022666 0.528 chr22 49962866 49962939 + — hsa-mir-6822 MI0022667 0.59chr3 39138206 39138266 + — hsa-mir-6823 MI0022668 0.197 chr3 4854996148550021 − — hsa-mir-6824 MI0022669 — chr3 48633636 48633698 − —hsa-mir-6825 MI0022670 0.393 chr3 127575266 127575331 − — hsa-mir-6826MI0022671 0.346 chr3 129272146 129272243 + — hsa-mir-6827 MI00226720.171 chr3 134367804 134367862 − — hsa-mir-6828 MI0022673 0.419 chr3170423103 170423162 + — hsa-mir-6829 MI0022674 0.282 chr3 195882329195882395 − — hsa-mir-6830 MI0022675 1.05 chr5 132217849 132217918 − —hsa-mir-6831 MI0022676 0.249 chr5 140563671 140563751 − — hsa-mir-6832MI0022677 0.222 chr6 31633787 31633858 + — hsa-mir-6833 MI0022678 2.11chr6 32179816 32179876 + — hsa-mir-6834 MI0022679 0.538 chr6 3329024533290325 + — hsa-mir-6835 MI0022680 — chr6 34240673 34240736 + —hsa-mir-6836 MI0022682 0.748 chr7 2257515 2257577 − — hsa-mir-6837MI0022683 1.79 chr7 44051766 44051829 + — hsa-mir-6838 MI0022684 0.2chr7 44073378 44073433 − — hsa-mir-6839 MI0022685 1.23 chr7 6467906464679176 + — hsa-mir-6840 MI0022686 0.596 chr7 100356651 100356721 + —hsa-mir-6841 MI0022687 4.66 chr8 24953796 24953867 − — hsa-mir-6842MI0022688 0.727 chr8 27433370 27433434 + — hsa-mir-6843 MI0022689 0.222chr8 27610601 27610751 − — hsa-mir-6844 MI0022690 0.211 chr8 124508515124508576 − — hsa-mir-6845 MI0022691 0.2 chr8 143837756 143837816 − —hsa-mir-6846 MI0022692 0.393 chr8 144057321 144057380 − — hsa-mir-6847MI0022693 0.342 chr8 144079874 144079942 + — hsa-mir-6848 MI00226940.444 chr8 144317246 144317315 − — hsa-mir-6849 MI0022695 1.5 chr8144400277 144400345 − — hsa-mir-6850 MI0022696 — chr8 144791931144791991 − — hsa-mir-6851 MI0022697 0.342 chr9 33467869 33467935 − —hsa-mir-6852 MI0022698 0.0977 chr9 35710676 35710741 − — hsa-mir-6853MI0022699 — chr9 35732922 35732995 + — hsa-mir-6854 MI0022700 0.171 chr998229149 98229217 − — hsa-mir-6855 MI0022701 — chr9 129869605129869671 + — hsa-mir-6856 MI0022702 — chr9 130626297 130626363 + —hsa-mir-6857 MI0022703 — chrX 53405673 53405765 − — hsa-mir-6858MI0022704 0.444 chrX 154450320 154450386 + — hsa-mir-6859-1 MI00227050.322 chr1 17369 17436 − — hsa-mir-6859-2 MI0026420 0.53 chr1 187891187958 − — hsa-mir-6859-3 MI0026421 0.222 chr15 101973524 101973591 + —hsa-mir-6859-4 MI0031521 4.59 chr16 17052 17119 − — hsa-mir-6860MI0022707 1.96 chr11 67045643 67045708 + — hsa-mir-6861 MI0022708 0.342chr12 112163258 112163321 − — hsa-mir-6862-1 MI0022709 0.282 chr1628390982 28391051 − — hsa-mir-6862-2 MI0026415 0.59 chr16 2872425228724321 + — hsa-mir-6863 MI0022710 12.4 chr16 56904264 56904353 + —hsa-mir-6864 MI0022711 0.308 chr17 4969702 4969771 − — hsa-mir-6865MI0022712 0.222 chr17 4970086 4970150 − — hsa-mir-6866 MI0022713 0.247chr17 40161933 40162001 + — hsa-mir-6867 MI0022714 1.53 chr17 4019359740193663 + — hsa-mir-6868 MI0022715 — chr17 76098019 76098076 − —hsa-mir-6869 MI0022716 28.3 chr20 1392900 1392961 − — hsa-mir-6870MI0022717 — chr20 10649636 10649695 − — hsa-mir-6871 MI0022718 0.171chr20 41169023 41169078 + — hsa-mir-6872 MI0022719 — chr3 5027323650273297 + — hsa-mir-6873 MI0022720 20.2 chr6 33287227 33287289 − —hsa-mir-6874 MI0022721 1.23 chr7 5711840 5711910 − — hsa-mir-6875MI0022722 0.887 chr7 100868036 100868107 + — hsa-mir-6876 MI0022723 —chr8 25345402 25345474 + — hsa-mir-6877 MI0022724 1.15 chr9 133051996133052059 + — hsa-mir-6878 MI0022725 0.197 chr1 150492345 150492410 + —hsa-mir-6879 MI0022726 — chr11 65018505 65018570 + — hsa-mir-6880MI0022727 0.854 chr12 124337181 124337242 − — hsa-mir-6881 MI00227280.446 chr15 74411357 74411432 − — hsa-mir-6882 MI0022729 1.73 chr1574840642 74840707 − — hsa-mir-6883 MI0022730 0.459 chr17 8144994 8145071− — hsa-mir-6884 MI0022731 0.422 chr17 40026332 40026409 − —hsa-mir-6885 MI0022732 0.171 chr19 6389638 6389703 − — hsa-mir-6886MI0022733 — chr19 11113474 11113534 + — hsa-mir-6887 MI0022734 0.222chr19 35122700 35122764 + — hsa-mir-6888 MI0022735 — chr2 159186835159186901 + — hsa-mir-6889 MI0022736 — chr22 41252992 41253050 − —hsa-mir-6890 MI0022737 0.222 chr3 49099854 49099914 − — hsa-mir-6891MI0022738 — chr6 31355224 31355316 − — hsa-mir-6892 MI0022739 2.36 chr7143382686 143382800 + — hsa-mir-6893 MI0022740 — chr8 144435551144435619 − — hsa-mir-6894 MI0022741 0.222 chrX 53198889 53198945 − —hsa-mir-6895 MI0022742 0.222 chrX 53195411 53195488 − — hsa-mir-7106MI0022957 0.778 chr12 113159113 113159177 − — hsa-mir-7107 MI0022958 —chr12 121444273 121444352 − — hsa-mir-7108 MI0022959 0.438 chr19 24349142435000 − — hsa-mir-7109 MI0022960 0.222 chr22 31621467 31621531 − —hsa-mir-7110 MI0022961 28.9 chr3 123161794 123161879 + — hsa-mir-7111MI0022962 0.222 chr6 35470508 35470579 + — hsa-mir-7112 MI0022963 0.222chr8 144262673 144262737 − — hsa-mir-7113 MI0022964 0.443 chr11 6803286468032922 + — hsa-mir-7114 MI0022965 0.171 chr9 137450026 137450086 − —hsa-mir-7150 MI0023610 — chr9 123485529 123485622 − — hsa-mir-7151MI0023611 1.75 chr10 67403351 67403410 − — hsa-mir-7152 MI0023612 —chr10 71790747 71790800 + — hsa-mir-7153 MI0023613 86.8 chr18 1165488511654941 − — hsa-mir-7154 MI0023614 11.2 chr11 45691704 45691776 − —hsa-mir-7155 MI0023615 0.365 chr11 64341849 64341904 − — hsa-mir-7156MI0023616 2.48 chr1 77060143 77060202 + — hsa-mir-7157 MI0023617 0.308chr2 140586626 140586685 − — hsa-mir-7158 MI0023618 1.31 chr2 59746625974732 + — hsa-mir-7159 MI0023620 31.4 chr6 33899135 33899200 + —hsa-mir-7160 MI0023621 0.0977 chr8 2076589 2076640 + — hsa-mir-7161MI0023619 760 chr6 158609707 158609790 + — hsa-mir-7162 MI0023623 0.197chr10 30368597 30368665 − — hsa-mir-7515 MI0024354 — chr2 66503736650439 + — hsa-mir-7641-1 MI0024975 22.3 chr11 104252591 104252651 + —hsa-mir-7641-2 MI0024976 32.8 chr14 75604209 75604261 + — hsa-mir-7702MI0025238 0.342 chr9 111271156 111271214 − — hsa-mir-7703 MI00252390.171 chr14 24143489 24143565 − — hsa-mir-7704 MI0025240 5.95 chr2176188843 176188901 + — hsa-mir-7705 MI0025241 1.42 chr8 100702968100703024 − — hsa-mir-7706 MI0025242 0.27 chr15 85380596 85380662 + —hsa-mir-7843 MI0025510 0.0977 chr14 72516820 72516898 + — hsa-mir-7844MI0025514 — chr12 94571231 94571352 − — hsa-mir-7845 MI0025515  2.7e+03chr2 207166400 207166498 + — hsa-mir-7846 MI0025516 1.99 chr1 1216694312167038 + — hsa-mir-7847 MI0025517 0.222 chr11 1880045 1880147 + —hsa-mir-7848 MI0025518 — chr8 133046481 133046581 − — hsa-mir-7849MI0025519 — chr4 146408583 146408688 + — hsa-mir-7850 MI0025520 — chr192630715 2630793 + — hsa-mir-7851 MI0025521 32.3 chr12 42323700 42323859− — hsa-mir-7852 MI0025522 — chr1 107897223 107897304 + — hsa-mir-7853MI0025523 0.311 chr6 6169304 6169435 − — hsa-mir-7854 MI0025524 0.272chr16 81533902 81533966 + — hsa-mir-7855 MI0025525 0.647 chr14 6478562664785686 − — hsa-mir-7856 MI0025526 0.272 chr1 86357632 86357687 − —hsa-mir-7973-1 MI0025748 — chr15 51314034 51314109 + — hsa-mir-7973-2MI0025749 — chr15 51314032 51314107 − — hsa-mir-7974 MI0025750 0.171chr19 11495544 11495622 − — hsa-mir-7975 MI0025751 510 chr19 5512322555123292 − — hsa-mir-7976 MI0025752 0.485 chr3 127587111 127587176 − —hsa-mir-7977 MI0025753 0.852 chr3 176515103 176515151 + — hsa-mir-7978MI0025754 0.186 chr4 21464700 21464758 − — hsa-mir-8052 MI0025888 0.859chr11 130666735 130666803 + — hsa-mir-8053 MI0025889 0.2 chr4 4765266947652743 + — hsa-mir-8054 MI0025890 — chr11 23419105 23419190 − —hsa-mir-8055 MI0025891 — chr8 6622124 6622220 − — hsa-mir-8056 MI00258920.2 chr5 173347455 173347536 + — hsa-mir-8057 MI0025893 0.171 chr1826591467 26591535 − — hsa-mir-8058 MI0025894 0.748 chr16 8268893182689019 + — hsa-mir-8059 MI0025895 — chr17 50768650 50768730 + —hsa-mir-8060 MI0025896 — chr3 96359964 96360039 + — hsa-mir-8061MI0025897 0.222 chr19 54645309 54645383 + — hsa-mir-8062 MI0025898 —chr20 7371608 7371692 + — hsa-mir-8063 MI0025899 — chr15 3697282136972901 − — hsa-mir-8064 MI0025900 0.748 chr3 52846463 52846552 − —hsa-mir-8065 MI0025901 1.5 chr16 5632467 5632566 + — hsa-mir-8066MI0025902 — chr4 101240795 101240872 − — hsa-mir-8067 MI0025903 — chr1562304658 62304734 − — hsa-mir-8068 MI0025904 0.0977 chr11 2847748128477548 − — hsa-mir-8069-1 MI0025905 — chr21 6859171 6859256 + —hsa-mir-8069-2 MI0031519 — chr21 13724189 13724274 + — hsa-mir-8070MI0025906 1.19 chr11 11783135 11783222 − — hsa-mir-8071-1 MI00259070.222 chr14 105621116 105621180 + — hsa-mir-8071-2 MI0026417 — chr14105640168 105640232 + — hsa-mir-8072 MI0025908 0.271 chr12 123364764123364843 − — hsa-mir-8073 MI0025909 0.833 chr13 110340958 110341029 + —hsa-mir-8074 MI0025910 — chr19 51206929 51207009 − — hsa-mir-8075MI0025911 — chr13 113262920 113262999 + — hsa-mir-8076 MI0025912 — chr3113432118 113432200 − — hsa-mir-8077 MI0025913 — chr19 4235113142351205 + — hsa-mir-8078 MI0025914 0.748 chr18 112256 112339 − —hsa-mir-8079 MI0025915 0.444 chr13 44196129 44196200 − — hsa-mir-8080MI0025916 — chr2 79866495 79866583 − — hsa-mir-8081 MI0025917 — chr9106600928 106601022 + — hsa-mir-8082 MI0025918 — chr4 113152282113152362 + — hsa-mir-8083 MI0025919 0.222 chr1 153689705 153689793 − —hsa-mir-8084 MI0025920 0.423 chr8 93029751 93029839 + — hsa-mir-8085MI0025921 0.22 chr19 44758657 44758721 + — hsa-mir-8086 MI0025922 305chr10 28289258 28289350 − — hsa-mir-8087 MI0025923 0.983 chr11 2751497027515047 − — hsa-mir-8088 MI0025924 — chrX 52336557 52336642 − —hsa-mir-8089 MI0025925 — chr5 181043403 181043484 − — hsa-mir-8485MI0027288 15.2 chr2 50696172 50696262 − — hsa-mir-9500 MI0029185 — chr2218823090 218823154 + —

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A number of embodiments of the invention have been described.Nevertheless, it can be understood that various modifications may bemade without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.Accordingly, other embodiments are within the scope of the followingclaims.

What is claimed is:
 1. A composition comprising: (a) (i) a B lymphocyteextracellular vesicle (EV) or equivalent thereof, or (b) a B lymphocytecomprising or having contained therein a B lymphocyte EV or equivalentthereof, wherein the B lymphocyte, B lymphocyte extracellular vesicle(EV) or equivalent thereof, comprises or has contained therein: anaverage of at least about 3.6 copies of identical mammalian micro-RNAmolecules per B lymphocyte extracellular vesicle (EV) or equivalentthereof, and the identical mammalian micro-RNA are encoded and producedby exogenous nucleic acid by transfection of the B lymphocyte.
 2. Thecomposition of claim 1, wherein the B lymphocyte is a mammalian Blymphocyte.
 3. The composition of claim 1, wherein the miRNA moleculescomprise: an miR-335, an miR-138, an miR-449, an miR-129, an miR-129-2,an miR-93, an miR-141, an miR-150, an miR-155, an miR-15a, an miR-16, anmi-R-21, an miR-449, or a combination thereof.
 4. The composition ofclaim 1, wherein the heterologous miRNA have a sequence complementary toan miR-335, an miR-141, an miR-150, an miR-155, an miR-335, an miR-138,an miR-449, an miR-15a, an miR-16, an mi-R-21, an miR as set forth inTable 2, or an miRNA that down-regulates or decreases the activity of aSOX4 mRNA; and optionally the miR-335, miR-138, miR-449, miR-129,miR-129-2 and/or miR-93, target the SOX4 mRNA, and optionally themiR-335, miR-138, miR-449, miR-129, miR-129-2 and/or miR-93, targets theSOX4 mRNA and down-regulates or decreases the activity of the SOX4 mRNA.5. A kit comprising a composition of claim
 1. 6. A recombinantlygenerated: (1) B lymphocyte extracellular vesicle (EV), B lymphocyteexosome or B lymphocyte micro-vesicle, or combination thereof; or (2) Blymphocyte comprising the B lymphocyte EV, B lymphocyte exosome or Blymphocyte micro-vesicle of (1), wherein the B lymphocyte extracellularvesicle (EV), the B lymphocyte exosome, or B lymphocyte micro-vesiclecomprises or has contained therein: a plurality of micro-RNA (miRNA, ormiR) or anti-miRNA molecules heterologous to the B lymphocyte, or aplurality of anti-miRNA molecules expressed and produced by heterologousnucleic acid added to the B lymphocyte, and the B lymphocyteextracellular vesicle (EV), the B lymphocyte exosome, or the Blymphocyte micro-vesicle comprises or has contained therein an averageof at least about 3.6 copies of identical heterologous micro-RNAmolecules or anti-miRNA molecules per B lymphocyte extracellular vesicle(EV), B lymphocyte exosome, or B lymphocyte micro-vesicle, and therecombinantly generated B lymphocyte extracellular vesicle (EV), the Blymphocyte exosome, or the B lymphocyte micro-vesicle, is made by amethod comprising: (a) providing a B lymphocyte; and, providing anexpression system capable of expressing a nucleic acid contained thereinin the B lymphocyte, and the expression system has contained therein: i)at least two coding sequences for an anti-sense nucleic acid moleculehaving a sequence substantially complementary to at least one microRNA(miR), or, an antagomir or blockmir molecule; and/or (ii) at least twocoding sequences for a micro-RNA (miRNA) molecule, and the at least twomiRNA-coding nucleic acid sequences are configured in tandem as twopre-miR stem loops linked together with a nucleotide linker; (b)transfecting into the B lymphocyte the expression system, and (c)culturing or manipulating the B lymphocyte such that the expressionsystem expresses the at least two micro-RNA (miRNA) molecules, oranti-sense molecules, or antagomir or blockmir molecules, resulting inthe B lymphocyte expressing or producing a plurality of B lymphocyteextracellular vesicles (EVs), B lymphocyte exosomes, or B lymphocytemicro-vesicles, wherein substantially each of the plurality of Blymphocyte vesicles (EVs), B lymphocyte exosomes or B lymphocytemicro-vesicles comprises or has contained therein an average of at leastabout 3.6 copies of the miRNA or anti-microRNA molecules.
 7. Thecomposition of claim 6, wherein the heterologous miRNA comprises anmiR-141, an miR-150, an miR-155, an miR-335, an miR-138, an miR-449, anmiR-15a or an miR-16.
 8. The composition of claim 6, wherein theheterologous anti-sense molecule has a sequence substantiallycomplementary to an miR-141, an miR-150, an miR-155, an miR-335, anmiR-138, an miR-449, an miR-15a or an miR-16.
 9. The composition ofclaim 6, wherein the B lymphocyte is a mammalian B lymphocyte.
 10. Thecomposition of claim 9, wherein the mammalian B lymphocyte is a human Blymphocyte.
 11. The composition of claim 6, wherein the B lymphocyte isa primary lymphocyte or an autologous B lymphocyte.
 12. The compositionof claim 2, wherein the mammalian B lymphocyte is a human B lymphocyte.13. The composition of claim 1, wherein the B lymphocyte is a primarylymphocyte or an autologous B lymphocyte.
 14. A kit comprising acomposition of claim 6, wherein the kit comprises: (1) a recombinantlygenerated B lymphocyte extracellular vesicle (EV), B lymphocyte exosome,B lymphocyte micro-vesicle, or combination thereof; (2) a recombinantlygenerated B lymphocyte comprising the B lymphocyte EV, B lymphocyteexosome, B lymphocyte micro-vesicle or combination thereof; or (3) acombination of (1) and (2).
 15. The composition of claim 1, comprising aplurality of B lymphocyte extracellular vesicles (EVs).
 16. Thecomposition of claim 1, comprising a plurality of B lymphocyte exosomes.17. The composition of claim 1, comprising a plurality of B lymphocytemicro-vesicles.
 18. The composition of claim 1, formulated as apharmaceutical composition.
 19. The composition of claim 6, formulatedas a pharmaceutical composition.
 20. The recombinantly generated: (1) Blymphocyte extracellular vesicle (EV), B lymphocyte exosome or Blymphocyte micro-vesicle, or combination thereof; or (2) B lymphocytecomprising the B lymphocyte EV, B lymphocyte exosome or B lymphocytemicro-vesicle of (1), of claim 6, wherein the method further comprises astep (d) comprising harvesting or isolating the plurality of Blymphocyte extracellular vesicles (EV), B lymphocyte exosomes or Blymphocyte micro-vesicles.